Unit I Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Question 1

NAD+/NADH is derived from

Answer 1

Niacin (B3 vitamin)

Question 2

FAD+/FADH is derived from

Answer 2

riboflavin (B2 Vitamin)

Question 3

Coenzyme A is derived from

Answer 3

pantothenic acid (B5 vitamin)

Question 4

What kind of bond does Coenzyme A make?

Answer 4

a thiester bond

Question 5

Enzyme that adds a phosphate

Answer 5

kinase

Question 6

Enzyme that removes a phosphate

Answer 6

phosphotase

Question 7

enzyme that rearranges atoms

Answer 7

isomerases

Question 8

enzyme that shifts a group

Answer 8

mutase

Question 9

Enzyme that builds

Answer 9

synthase or synthetase

Question 10

enzyme that oxidizes or reduces

Answer 10

dehydrogenase

Question 11

What common molecules does dehydrogenase work with?

Answer 11

coenzymes, FAD, NAD, NADP

Question 12

What is a metal ion that works with an enzyme?

Answer 12

cofactor

Question 13

What is the loss of electrons?

Answer 13

oxidation

Question 14

What is the gain of electrons?

Answer 14

reduction

Question 15

What is metabolism?

Answer 15

the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

Question 16

What is breakdown metabolism called?

Answer 16

catabolism

Question 17

What is building metabolism called?

Answer 17

anabolism

Question 18

Does anabolism and catabolism require energy to run?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

If something captures energy it is

Answer 19

exergonic

Question 20

If something requires energy it is

Answer 20

endergonic

Question 21

Are catabolic pathways usually oxidation or reduction reactions?

Answer 21

oxidation

Question 22

Are anabolic pathways usually oxidation or reduction reactions?

Answer 22

reduction

Question 23

If synthesis is active then breakdown is

Answer 23

inhibited

Question 24

Excess reactant will do what to a pathway

Answer 24

stimulate it

Question 25

Scare reactant will do what to a pathway

Answer 25

inhibit it

Question 26

Excess product will do what to a pathway

Answer 26

inhibit it

Question 27

Scare product will do what to a pathway

Answer 27

stimulate it

Question 28

related to enzyme rate, more reactant =

Answer 28

faster enzyme rate

Question 29

related to enzyme rate, more product =

Answer 29

slower enzyme rate

Question 30

What are hormones?

Answer 30

molecules made in one tissue, sequestered to another, and carries out an effect there

Question 31

Insulin responds to what?

Answer 31

high blood sugar

Question 32

Insulin does what to blood glucose

Answer 32

lowers it

Question 33

Insulin does what to glucose in fat and muscle?

Answer 33

increases it

Question 34

Glucagon responds to what?

Answer 34

low blood sugar

Question 35

Glucagon does what to blood glucose levels?

Answer 35

raises them

Question 36

What is the role of epinerphrine/norepinephrine?

Answer 36

regulate energy metabolism in liver and muscle

Question 37

If a cell has a high energy charge what will it do?

Answer 37

build things like fat, glucose, etc

Question 38

If the cell has a low energy charge it will do what?

Answer 38

start making ATP

Question 39

1st Law of thermodynamics

Answer 39

energy is conserved

Question 40

2nd law of themodynamics

Answer 40

universe moves towards disorder

Question 41

Entropy Delta S is the

Answer 41

disorder of a system

Question 42

As disorder increases entropy is?

Answer 42

a positive number

Question 43

Enthalpy Delta H is the

Answer 43

heat content of a reaction

Question 44

the release of heat is

Answer 44

exothermic

Question 45

the absorption of heat is

Answer 45

endothermic

Question 46

The change in free energy is?

Answer 46

Gibbs free energy or Delta G

Question 47

What can be said about negative Delta G, free energy?

Answer 47

a loss of energy, the reaction runs, and its exergonic

Question 48

What can be said about positive Delta G, positive free energy?

Answer 48

A gain of energy, reaction doesnt run, energy must be added, and its endergonic

Question 49

What does a zero Delta G, no free energy, mean?

Answer 49

reaction is at equilibrium

Question 50

A pathway runs as long as what stays negative?

Answer 50

the sum of the Delta G's of the reactions

Question 51

A high energy charge means the cell has?

Answer 51

lots of ATP

Question 52

A low energy charge means the cell has?

Answer 52

low ATP

Question 53

The breakdown of ATP creates how much energy?

Answer 53

7.3 Kcals

Question 54

What 3 things can the energy from ATP be used for?

Answer 54

coupling, transportation against a gradient, and mechanical motion

Question 55

What 3 things increase AMP concentration?

Answer 55

ATP use, lowered nutrients, and exercise

Question 56

Fatty acid synthesis is inhibited by

Answer 56

AMPK

Question 57

Cholesterol synthesis is inhibited by

Answer 57

AMPK

Question 58

TAG synthesis in inhibited by

Answer 58

AMPK

Question 59

Glycogen synthesis is inhibited by

Answer 59

AMPK

Question 60

GLUT4 transporters are stimulated by

Answer 60

AMPK

Question 61

Glycogen breakdown is stimulated by

Answer 61

AMPK

Question 62

Glycolysis is stimulated by

Answer 62

AMPK

Question 63

Fat burning is stimulated by

Answer 63

AMPK

Question 64

LPLm activation is stimulated by

Answer 64

AMPK

Question 65

Which enzyme catalyzes ATP to cAMP?

Answer 65

adenylate cyclase

Question 66

The presence of cAMP stimulates what enzyme?

Answer 66

Protein kinase A

Question 67

What other compounds have more free energy than ATP?

Answer 67

creatine phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 68

What is the free energy of PEP?

Answer 68

-14.8 Kcal

Question 69

what is the free energy of creatine phosphate?

Answer 69

-10.3 Kcal