Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochemistry II > Unit I ETS > Flashcards

Unit I ETS Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in ETS?

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the final products of aerobic metabolism?

A

CO2, H2O, and ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Electron transport system coupled with the synthesis of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Location of ETS?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many complexes are in the ETS?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the complexes catalyzes ATP synthesis?

A

The last one, ATP synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name(s) of complex one?

A

NADH dehydrogenase (NADH-CoQ reductase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which molecule in complex one is bound and accepts electrons from NADH?

A

FMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does FMN of complex 1 become when it accepts electrons from NADH?

A

FMNH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does FMNH2 of NADH dehydrogenase transfer electrons to?

A

ubiquinone (CoQ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is complex one a proton pump?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name(s) for complex 2?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Once oxidized, what does succinate give its electrons to?

A

FAD, making FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does FADH2 from succinate dehydrogenase give its electrons to?

A

an FeS protein and then to ubiquinone (CoQ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is complex 2 a proton pump?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is another name for ubiquinone?

A

Coenzyne Q (CoQ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What molecules does CoQ accept electrons from?

A

FMNH2 and FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What brings FADH2 to CoQ?

A

succinate dehydrogenase, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, and Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When electrons leak out of ETS what is created?

A

superoxide radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

At what step of ETS can superoxide radicals be created?

A

the CoQ step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the cytochrome proteins of ETS?

A

complex 3, cytochrome C, and complex 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes a cytochrome a cytochrome?

A

containing a heme group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are electrons pumped out of the inner mitochondrial matrix?

A

complex 3 and 4, and cytochrome C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What defines a heme group?

A

a porphyrin ring with iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is another name for complex 3?
Cytochrome reductase or cytochrome bc1 complex
26
Does cytochrome bc1 complex have a proton pump?
yes
27
Where does the electron from complex 3 get moved to?
cytochrome c
28
Where does Cytochrome c sends its electron?
to cytochrome oxidase
29
what is another name for complex 4?
cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome c oxidase, or cytochrome a + a3
30
What allows cytochrome c to not need a proton pump?
its location in the intermembrane space
31
Doess cytochrome c oxidase contain a proton pump?
yes
32
Instead of a porphyrin ring, what does complex 4 contain?
a bimetalllic center containing copper
33
What happens to oxygen between the two copper ions in Cytochrome oxidase?
it is held until completely reduced to water
34
How many electrons are needed reduce an O2 to make 2 molecules of H2O in ETS?
4 electrons and 1 O2
35
In what complex of ETS is H20 formed?
complex 4
36
What happens with the accumulated protons in ETS?
their energy is used to make ATP
37
What else can complex V be called?
ATP synthase or ATPase
38
How many ATP are formed from ATPase?
about 3
39
What is oligomycin?
an antibiotic (or uncoupler)
40
What is oligomycin used for?
it closes the proton channel and prevents ATP synthesis
41
What is the location of uncoupling proteins (UCPs)?
inner mitochondrial membrane
42
Describe the function of UCPs
it forces channels to form allowing protons to enter the matrix, cutting off electrons from complex V, thus stopping ATP synthesis
43
In UCPs how is energy released?
it's released as heat through non-shivering thermogensis
44
List some synthetic uncouplers
2,4-dinitrophenol and aspirin
45
For a given redox pair what form will likely lose its electrons with a negative standard reduction potential?
the reduced form of the redox pair
46
For a given redox pair what form will likely accept electrons with a positive standard reduction potential?
the oxidized form of the redox pair
47
In redox pairs, how do electrons like to flow?
from a more negative standard reduction potential to a more positive standard reduction potential
48
From NADH, where do electrons like to flow?
to oxygen
49
What unit of measurement is assigned to standard reduction potential?
volts
50
What is needed for NADH to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane?
a shuttle system
51
List then two shuttle systems used in ETS
malate aspartate, and glycerophosphate shuttle
52
In the malate aspartate shuttle, describe how NADH gets into the inner mitochondrial membrane?
NADH is coupled with oxaloacetate to make malate. Malate can freely cross the inner mitochondrial membrane where it can again become oxaloacetate and donate a proton to NAD to become NADH where it is used in ETS
53
What converts oxaloacetate to malate?
malate dehydrogenase
54
Once NADH is in the inner mitochondrial membrane as malate what happens?
malate is converted back to oxaloacetate
55
What does the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the inner mitochondrial membrane do?
it gives a proton back to NAD to make NADH and is used in ETS
56
To get oxaloacetate out of the inner mitochondrial membrane what must happen?
it is converted to alpha ketoglutarate and shuttled out.
57
What converts oxaloacetate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
aminotransferase
58
In the malate aspartate shuttle system, what converts oxaloacetate to glutamate?
aminotransferase
59
Once oxaloacetate is converted to glutamate in the malate aspartate shuttle system, what happens to glutamate?
glutamate can freely cross into the inner mitochondrial membrane
60
What is used to get glutamate out of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
aminotransferase
61
To get glutamate out of the inner mitochondrial membrane, in the malate aspartate shuttle, what is it converted to?
aspartate
62
What enzyme converts Glutamate to aspartate in the malate aspartate shuttle?
aminotransferase
63
In the glycerophosphate shuttle system, the reaction of Glycerol-3-Phosphate to DHAP is catalyzed by what enzyme?
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
64
What coenzyme couples with glycerophosphate dehydrogenase to donate electrons to ETS?
FAD
65
What enzyme is used to convert DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate?
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase?

Biochemistry II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions