Unit I - Infectious Diseases Flashcards
(48 cards)
s/s of infectious disease
fever chills malaise enlarged lymph nodes arthralgia, myalgia headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
cause of infectious diseases - pathogens
bacteria
viruses
parasites
fungi
normal body temperature
98.6 deg F (oral)
37 deg C
*add 1 degree for axillary measurement
*subtract 1 degree for rectal measurement
fever
fever <102 benign; >102 is emergency
fever of unknown origin (FUO)
before an infection can occur, there must be a
reservoir (other person, food, water, soil, animal, insects)
portal of exit from the reservoir
routes:
- genitourinary
- GI route
- respiratory
- open wound: skin
vector: mode of transmission for exit into the recipient
- contact (skin to skin, mucous membrane)
- airborne (droplets or particles)
- oropharyngeal (contaminated food/water)
- moving vector (insects, animals)
- sexual contact
portal of entry
mouth, nose, skin
reservoir: infection lives in the recipient
pathogens
organisms that cause infectious diseases
bacteria
microscopic and 1 cell
reproduce at a rapid rate
virus
ultramicroscopic infectious agent
parasite
organism that lives in someone and takes its nourishment from them; cannot live independently
bacterial infections - gram stain
positive stains purple
negative stains pink
Staphylococcal infections (Gram +)
Pathogen residing in the skin, spread by direct contact
Penetration into deep layers of skin via har follicle can cause abscess and suppurative drainage
Folliculitis—infection of hair follicle
Septic arthritis—joint infection
Infective endocarditis—heart valve infection
Osteomyelitis—bone marrow infection
MRSA: Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus
Powerful staph infection that is resistant to many antibiotic medications
Colonization—bacteria living on skin or in nose
Healthy person can carry Staph bacteria and infect others
MRSA at risk and symptoms
At risk populations:
Post-op, Diabetics, HIV, Kidney failure, lung infection, burns, IV drug users
Symptoms: Sepsis, palpitations, dysrhythmias Sepsis with shock Organ failure Can cause necrotizing fasciitis
Streptococcus Pyogenes (group A)
- Present in nasal cavity and pharynx
- Overgrowth and aggregation—causes problem
- Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat): Red or white tonsils; White because WBC come in to fight it off and are killed off in large numbers
- Impetigo
- Causes lesion on the face—superficial so generally heals up with little scarring
- Transmission can be airborne or by direct contact
Streptococcus Pyogenes Rheumatic Fever with Febrile Illness (CANCER)
C: Carditis (infective endocarditis) A: Arthritis N: Nodules (subcutaneous lymph nodes) C: Chorea—Choreiform Movements Generally not permanent Continuous movement all over body ER: Erythema Marginatum Pink raised non-itchy rash Affects extensor surfaces (back of forearms, arms, trunk)
S. Pneumoniae (pneumococcus)—Group A
Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia and bacterial meningitis in children and adults
other bacterial infections s. pyogenes
Streptococcal Gangrene
Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis/Myositis (“flesh-eating”)
Choreiform movements
ceaseless occurrence of rapid, highly complex jerky movements that appear to be well coordinated but are performed involuntarily.
Sydenham’s Chorea
S. Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)-
Bacterial Pneumonia
Bacterial Meningitis
compresses brain causing brain damage
Common in teenagers
S. Agalactiae (Group B strep)-Baby strep
Found in Vaginal Secretions and GI Tract
Neonatal Pneumonia
Neonatal Meningitis
Neonatal Sepsis with Neonatal Toxic Shock Syndrome
gangrene (gram +)
dead tissue because of ISCHEMIA
results in sepsis if goes on for long enough (septicemia)
infection becomes blood born with inflammation, hypotension, bleeding, hypothermia, organ failure, death
