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Cell And Molecular Biology > Unit II > Flashcards

Unit II Flashcards

1
Q

In human tissues, the percentage of water ranges from 20 percent in ______ to 85 percent in ______

A

Bones, braincells

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2
Q

How many percent of human body weight is water?

A

70 percent

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3
Q

H2O molecules form _______ with each other

A

H-bonds

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4
Q

True of False

Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen

A

False

Oxygen is more

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5
Q

The oxygen end of water molecule has a _____________, while hydrogen end has a _______________.

A

Partial Negative
Partial Positive

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6
Q

What are the properties of water

A

Cohesion and Adhesion
Good Solvent
Lower density as a solid
High Specific heat
High heat of vaporization

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7
Q

H bonding between H2O molecules

A

Cohesion

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8
Q

Cohesion forms ________

A

Surface tension

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9
Q

H bonding between H2O and other substances

A

Adhesion

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10
Q

Adhesion creates ________

A

Capillary action

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11
Q

What makes water to be a good solvent

A

It’s polarity makes H2O a good solvent

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12
Q

Why is “ice floats” important?

A

Explain

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13
Q

What is seasonal turnover of lakes

A

Sinking cold Walter cycles nutrients in autumn. Warm water sinks and mixes

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14
Q

Why does high Specific heat of water important?

A

Water moderates temperatures on Earth

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15
Q

Compounds that are made out of Hydrocarbons

A

Organic Compounds

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16
Q

Active ingredient in the most widely used insect repellants, effective against mosquitos, fleas and ticks

A

DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide)

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17
Q

Other examples of Organic Compounds

A

Polyethylene
Methane (CH4)
DNA

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18
Q

What are the four classes of biological macromolecules

A

Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acid

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19
Q

It is a very very large molecules

A

Macromolecules

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20
Q

Other elements that can be found in macromolecules

A

Oxygen, Nitrogen Phosphorus and Sulfur

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21
Q

Polymers are made up of

A

Monomers

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22
Q

It is the simple sugar

A

Monosaccharide

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23
Q

Main source of energy of the body

A

Carbohydrates

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24
Q

The main product of photosynthesis

A

Glucose

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25
Q

What are the 3 monosaccharide?

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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26
Q

What are the 3 Disaccharide

A

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose

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27
Q

Sucrose is made out of

A

Glucose + Fructose

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28
Q

Lactose is made out of

A

Glucose + Galactose

29
Q

Maltose is made out of

A

Glucose + Glucose

30
Q

Long term storage for energy

A

Complex Carbohydrates

31
Q

Made out of glucose polymers

A

Polysaccharide

32
Q

Polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers

A

Starch

33
Q

Starch can be found in

A

Grains (corn, wheat, rice etc.)
Tubers (potatoes)

34
Q

A test used to detect starch

A

Iodine test

35
Q

A glucose polymers that offers support for plants. It makes up the cell wall and a food source for seeds and plant bulbs.

A

Cellulose

36
Q

A branched polymer made up of numerous glucose monomers. It serves as long term energy storage found in the liver.

A

Glycogen

37
Q

It insulates the body to maintain the normal body temperature and acts as cushion to the internal organs for protection

A

Glycogen

38
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Oils
Butter
Margarines

39
Q

It is made up of fatty acid monomers

A

Fat

40
Q

Glycerol group with 3 fatty acid chains

A

Triglycerides

41
Q

Functions of Proteins

A

membrane component
Antibodies
Enzymes
Non-steroid hormones
Structural Molecules

“MEANS”

42
Q

Examples of Proteins

A

Hair, Skin, and Nails

43
Q

Types of Protein Structure

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quarternary

44
Q

Chemical signaler protein produced in the pancreas

A

Insulin

45
Q

A condition when a person has high blood glucose

A

Diabetes

46
Q

Proteins in red blood cells that carries oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

47
Q

When foreign organisms enters the body, __________ find the invader and stick themselves into it.

A

Antibodies

48
Q

Speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction.

A

Enzymes

49
Q

It makes the enzymes reusable and molecule specific.

A

Lock and key model

50
Q

Factors affecting enzyme activity.

A

Temperature
pH
Enzyme concentration
Substance concentration

51
Q

Two types of nucleic acid

A

Ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid

52
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

53
Q

DNA is the “________”

A

Information molecule

54
Q

Chromosomes are made up of thousands of shorter segments of DNA, called

A

Genes

55
Q

It stores the directions for making protein

A

Genes

56
Q

Each gene is further divided into three nucleotides sub-segments, called

A

Codons

57
Q

Each nucleotide monomer is built from three simple molecular parts:

A

Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous bases

58
Q

Bonds that join one dna nucleotide to another.

A

Phosphodiester bonds

59
Q

Reaction where two smaller molecules are joined chemically by removing elements.

A

Dehydration synthesis

60
Q

It is the DNA orientation and is important for the copying of DNA.

A

Antiparallel orientation

61
Q

Nucleotides form in each dna strand are connected by

A

Hydrogen bonds

62
Q

This creates consistency in the nucleotide sequences of the two DNA polymers that join together to make a chromosome.

A

Complementary base pairing

63
Q

It replaces DNA as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses

A

RNA

64
Q

Types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

65
Q

A type of RNA that carries DNA message to ribosomes.

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

66
Q

A type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

67
Q

It makes up ribosomes-protein factories of the cell.

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

68
Q

In RNA the nitrogenous base Thymine (T) becomes

A

Uracil (U)

Cell And Molecular Biology (4 decks)

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