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Cell And Molecular Biology > Unit II > Flashcards

Unit II Flashcards

1
Q

In human tissues, the percentage of water ranges from 20 percent in ______ to 85 percent in ______

A

Bones, braincells

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2
Q

How many percent of human body weight is water?

A

70 percent

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3
Q

H2O molecules form _______ with each other

A

H-bonds

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4
Q

True of False

Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen

A

False

Oxygen is more

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5
Q

The oxygen end of water molecule has a _____________, while hydrogen end has a _______________.

A

Partial Negative
Partial Positive

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6
Q

What are the properties of water

A

Cohesion and Adhesion
Good Solvent
Lower density as a solid
High Specific heat
High heat of vaporization

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7
Q

H bonding between H2O molecules

A

Cohesion

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8
Q

Cohesion forms ________

A

Surface tension

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9
Q

H bonding between H2O and other substances

A

Adhesion

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10
Q

Adhesion creates ________

A

Capillary action

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11
Q

What makes water to be a good solvent

A

It’s polarity makes H2O a good solvent

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12
Q

Why is “ice floats” important?

A

Explain

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13
Q

What is seasonal turnover of lakes

A

Sinking cold Walter cycles nutrients in autumn. Warm water sinks and mixes

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14
Q

Why does high Specific heat of water important?

A

Water moderates temperatures on Earth

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15
Q

Compounds that are made out of Hydrocarbons

A

Organic Compounds

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16
Q

Active ingredient in the most widely used insect repellants, effective against mosquitos, fleas and ticks

A

DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide)

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17
Q

Other examples of Organic Compounds

A

Polyethylene
Methane (CH4)
DNA

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18
Q

What are the four classes of biological macromolecules

A

Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acid

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19
Q

It is a very very large molecules

A

Macromolecules

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20
Q

Other elements that can be found in macromolecules

A

Oxygen, Nitrogen Phosphorus and Sulfur

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21
Q

Polymers are made up of

A

Monomers

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22
Q

It is the simple sugar

A

Monosaccharide

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23
Q

Main source of energy of the body

A

Carbohydrates

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24
Q

The main product of photosynthesis

A

Glucose

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25
What are the 3 monosaccharide?
Glucose Fructose Galactose
26
What are the 3 Disaccharide
Maltose Lactose Sucrose
27
Sucrose is made out of
Glucose + Fructose
28
Lactose is made out of
Glucose + Galactose
29
Maltose is made out of
Glucose + Glucose
30
Long term storage for energy
Complex Carbohydrates
31
Made out of glucose polymers
Polysaccharide
32
Polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers
Starch
33
Starch can be found in
Grains (corn, wheat, rice etc.) Tubers (potatoes)
34
A test used to detect starch
Iodine test
35
A glucose polymers that offers support for plants. It makes up the cell wall and a food source for seeds and plant bulbs.
Cellulose
36
A branched polymer made up of numerous glucose monomers. It serves as long term energy storage found in the liver.
Glycogen
37
It insulates the body to maintain the normal body temperature and acts as cushion to the internal organs for protection
Glycogen
38
Examples of lipids
Oils Butter Margarines
39
It is made up of fatty acid monomers
Fat
40
Glycerol group with 3 fatty acid chains
Triglycerides
41
Functions of Proteins
membrane component Antibodies Enzymes Non-steroid hormones Structural Molecules "MEANS"
42
Examples of Proteins
Hair, Skin, and Nails
43
Types of Protein Structure
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quarternary
44
Chemical signaler protein produced in the pancreas
Insulin
45
A condition when a person has high blood glucose
Diabetes
46
Proteins in red blood cells that carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
47
When foreign organisms enters the body, __________ find the invader and stick themselves into it.
Antibodies
48
Speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction.
Enzymes
49
It makes the enzymes reusable and molecule specific.
Lock and key model
50
Factors affecting enzyme activity.
Temperature pH Enzyme concentration Substance concentration
51
Two types of nucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid
52
What is the monomer of nucleic acid
Nucleotides
53
DNA is the "________"
Information molecule
54
Chromosomes are made up of thousands of shorter segments of DNA, called
Genes
55
It stores the directions for making protein
Genes
56
Each gene is further divided into three nucleotides sub-segments, called
Codons
57
Each nucleotide monomer is built from three simple molecular parts:
Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous bases
58
Bonds that join one dna nucleotide to another.
Phosphodiester bonds
59
Reaction where two smaller molecules are joined chemically by removing elements.
Dehydration synthesis
60
It is the DNA orientation and is important for the copying of DNA.
Antiparallel orientation
61
Nucleotides form in each dna strand are connected by
Hydrogen bonds
62
This creates consistency in the nucleotide sequences of the two DNA polymers that join together to make a chromosome.
Complementary base pairing
63
It replaces DNA as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses
RNA
64
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
65
A type of RNA that carries DNA message to ribosomes.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
66
A type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
67
It makes up ribosomes-protein factories of the cell.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
68
In RNA the nitrogenous base Thymine (T) becomes
Uracil (U)

Cell And Molecular Biology (4 decks)

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