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Cell And Molecular Biology > Unit III > Flashcards

Unit III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain an internal balance

Provides protection and support for the cell

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2
Q

The internal balance inside the cell that cell membrane maintains is called

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Some membrane contains proteins called

A

Membrane proteins

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4
Q

The phosphate head of the cell membrane is ________, and the fatty acid tails is __________.

A

Polar, non-polar

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5
Q

Allows a molecules in and keeps other molecules out

A

Selectively permeable

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6
Q

In 1972 they proposed that the membrane is a mosaic of proteins dispersed within the bilayer with only the hydrophilic regions exposed to water.

A

S.J Singer and G. Nicolson

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7
Q

70% of cell membrane proteins part and parcel of membrane structure

A

Integral proteins

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8
Q

Lei transfer substances against concentration/ electrical gradient

A

Pumps

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9
Q

Opened and closed by gates

A

Channel proteins

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10
Q

It involved in transport of substances

A

Carrier proteins

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11
Q

It takes place in membrane reaction

A

Enzyme proteins

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12
Q

They bear appropriate sites for recognition of specific ligands

A

Receptor proteins

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13
Q

They are bound to the surface of the membrane

A

Peripheral proteins

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14
Q

Other functions of cell membrane

A

Transport
Enzymatic activity
Signal transduction
Cell to cell recognition
Intercellular joining
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM)

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15
Q

Carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids

A

Glycolipids

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16
Q

Membrane carbohydrates covalently bonded to proteins

A

Glycoproteins

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17
Q

__________ molecules such as hydrocarbons can dissolve in the lipid bilayer and passed through the membrane rapidly

A

Hydrophobic or nonpolar molecules

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18
Q

__________ molecule such as sugars do not cross the membrane easily

A

Polar molecules

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19
Q

It allows passage of hydrophilic substances across the membrane

A

Transport proteins

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20
Q

Transport proteins that have hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel

A

Channel protein

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21
Q

Channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water

A

Aquaporins

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22
Q

Transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane

A

Carrier proteins

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23
Q

Two types of transport mechanism

A

Active transport
Passive transport

24
Q

What are the two types of active transport

A

Primary transport
Secondary transport

25
Q

What are the four types of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Bulk flow filtration

26
Q

The tendency for molecules spread out evenly into the available space

A

Diffusion

27
Q

The region along which the density of a chemical substance increase or decrease

A

Concentration gradient

28
Q

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane that uses no energy to make it happened

A

Passive transport

29
Q

What are the factors that influence diffusion rates

A

Distance
Molecular size
Temperature
Steepness of concentration gradient
Membrane of surface area

30
Q

Two types of diffusion across membranes

A

Simple diffusion
Channel mediated diffusion

31
Q

Lipophilic substances can enter cells easily because they diffuse through the lipid portion of the membrane

A

Simple diffusion

32
Q

It is used by irons very small water-soluble compounds. Much more complex than simple diffusion.

A

Channel mediated diffusion

33
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

34
Q

The ability of a surrounding solution to cost a cell to gain or lose water

A

Tonicity

35
Q

It is a solution are solute concentration is the same as the inside of the cell. No net water movement across the plasma membrane has happened

A

Isotonic solution

36
Q

A solution where solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell where the cell loses water

A

Hypertonic solution

37
Q

A solution are solute concentration is less than that inside the cell where the cell gains water

A

Hypotonic solution

38
Q

In a hypotonic solution animal cells become ________, while plant cells become _________.

A

Lysed, Turgid (normal)

39
Q

In a isotonic solution animal cells become ___________, while plant cells become _________.

A

Normal, Flaccid

40
Q

In a hypertonic solution animal cells become _________, while plant cells become ___________.

A

Shriveled, Plasmolyzed

41
Q

It uses energy to move solutes against their gradients

A

Active transport

42
Q

Give one type of active transport system

A

Sodium-potassium pump

43
Q

It is the fault age difference across a membrane

A

Membrane potential

44
Q

To combined forces that drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane

A

Electrochemical gradient

45
Q

The effect of the membrane potential on the ions movement

A

Electrical force

46
Q

It is a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

A

Electrogenic pump

47
Q

It is the main electrogenic pump of plants, fungi, and bacteria

A

Proton pump

48
Q

It is a couple transport by a membrane protein

A

Cotransport

49
Q

It occurs when active transport of a solute in directly drives transport of other solutes.

A

Cotransport

50
Q

It occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis. It requires energy

A

Bulk transport

51
Q

Large molecules such as polysaccharides and proteins cross the membrane in the bulk via

A

Vesicles

52
Q

Transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fused with it, and realistic intense. Many secretory cells use this to export their products

A

Exocytosis

53
Q

The cell takes in macromolecules by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane. It is the reversal of exocytosis.

A

Endocytosis

54
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

55
Q

It is also called as cellular eating

A

Phagocytosis

56
Q

Pinocytosis is also called as

A

Cellular drinking

Cell And Molecular Biology (4 decks)

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