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Bio 4: Microbiology > Unit III > Flashcards

Unit III Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Two main categories of Growth Requirements

A

Physical and Chemical

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2
Q

Cold loving microbes

A

Psychrophiles

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3
Q

Lowest temperature at which species will grow

A

Minimum Growth Temperature

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4
Q

Moderate temperature loving microbes

A

Mesophiles

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5
Q

Heat loving microbes

A

Thermophiles

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6
Q

More common than psychrophiles; optimum growth temperature at 20-30°C

A

Psychotrophs

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7
Q

Bacteria growing near neutral pH 6.5-7.5

A

Neutrophiles

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8
Q

Bacteria tolerant of acidity;thrives on pH 1-5

A

Acidophiles

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9
Q

Process of contraction or shrinkahe of protoplasm and causes cell water loss

A

Plasmolysis

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10
Q

Requires high salt concentration for growth

A

Obligate Halophiles

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11
Q

Do not require high salt concentration, but are able to grow at salt concentration higher than normal e.g. 2%—a concentration that inhibits the growth of many other organisms

A

Facultative Halophiles

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12
Q

Half the dry weight of cell

A

Carbon

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13
Q

14% and 4% of the total dry weight

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus respectively

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14
Q

Gets most of their carbon source from their energy sources

A

Chemoheterotrophs

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15
Q

Structural backbone of all living matter

A

Carbon

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16
Q

Essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids

A

Phosphorus

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17
Q

Microbes that use molecular Oxygen (O2)

A

Aerobes

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18
Q

Organisms that require oxygen to live

A

Obligate Aerobes

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19
Q

Aerobic bacteria that has developed the ability to continue growing in the absence of oxygen

A

Facultative aerobes

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20
Q

A toxic form of Oxygen that is a normal molecular Oxygen boosted into a higher energy state

A

Singlet Oxygen

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21
Q

Superoxide anions; formed in small amounts during normal respiration

A

Superoxide radicals

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22
Q

Are bacteria unable to use molecular Oxygen for energy-yielding reaction

A

Anaerobes

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23
Q

Fermentative anaerobes; cannot use oxygen for growth

A

Aerotoleranr anaerobes

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24
Q

used to synthesize sulfur-containing amino acids and vitamins such as thiamine and biotin.

A

Sulfur

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25
are complex polymer containing many times its dry weight in water.
Hydrogels
26
thin slimy layer encasing baceria
Biofilms
27
ability of bacteria to communicate and coordinate behavior
Quorum sensing
28
nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a laboratory
Culture medium
29
Microbes introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth.
Inoculum
30
microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium
culture
31
type of culture medium whose exact chemical composition is known.
Chemically-defined media
32
A complex polysaccharide; used as solidifying agent for culture media in petri dishes, slants, and deeps
Agar
33
Usually reserved for laboratory experimental work, or for the growth of autotrophic bacteria.
Complex Media
34
shorter chains of amino acids
peptone
35
complex medium in liquid form
nutrient broth
36
type of growth media used to avoid anaerobes' exposure to oxygen
reducing media/Special media
37
chemically combines with dissolved oxygen and deplete oxygen in the culture medium
Sodium thioglycolate
38
Aerobic Bacteria; grow better at high-CO2 concentrations
Capnophiles
39
additives suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes
Selective Medium
40
changed in a recognizable manner by some bacteria; Makes it easy to distinguish colonies of Different microbes
Differential Medium
41
Similar to selective media, but designed to increase the numbers of desired microbes to detectable levels. Encourages growth of the desired microbe
Enrichment Culture
42
culture containing only one species or strain
Pure culture
43
can be used for the short-term storage of bacterial cultures
Refrigeration
44
rapid cooling of pure culture in suspension liquid
Deep freezing
45
Freeze drying
Lyophilization
46
bacteria normally reproduce through
Binary Fission
47
time required for a cell to divide
generation time
48
Phase of Growth; period of little or no cell division.
The Lag
49
The phase of Growth; Cellular reproduction is most active during this period
The log
50
the growth rate slows as the bacteria approach the carrying capacity,
Stationary
51
the number of death exceeds the number of new cells formed
death phase
52
The most frequently used method of measuring bacterial populations
Plate counts
53
Method of choice for low counts
Filtration
54
statistical estimating technique is based on the fact that the greater the number of bacteria in a sample, the more dilution is needed to reduce the density to the point at which no bacteria are left to grow in the tubes in a dilution series.
Most probable number (MPN)
55
Microbes in a measured volume of a bacterial suspension are counted with the use of a specially designed slide (Petroff-Hausser Cell counter).
Direct Microscopic count
56
Microbial contamination
Sepsis
57
Absence of significant contamination
Asepsis
58
Acquired during the process of receiving healthcare
Nosocomial
59
Expected to destroy pathogens but do not achieve sterility
Antimicrobial chemicals
60
Antimicrobial chemical used on objects
Disinfectant
61
Antimicrobial chemicals used in living tissue
Antiseptic
62
Removal of all microbial life
Sterilization
63
Mechanical removal of microbes
Degerming
64
Reduces microbes to safe public health levels
Sanitization
65
Inhibits bacterial reproduction
Bacteriostatic
66
Kills bacteria
Bactericidal
67
Factors affecting the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments
Number of microbes Environmental influences Time of exposure Microbial Characteristics
68
lowest temperature at which all the microorganisms in a particular liquid suspension will be killed in 10 minutes
Thermal Death Point (TDP)
69
minimal length time for all bacteria in a particular liquid culture to be killed at a given temperature
Thermal Death Time (TDT)
70
D-value; is the time, in minutes, in which 90% of a population of bacteria at a given temperature.
Decimal reduction time (DRT)
71
kills microorganisms primarily by coagulating proteins (denaturation)
Moist Heat sterilization
72
preferred method of sterilization in health care environment
Autoclaving
73
at what temperature will organisms will be killed
15psi @ 121°C

Bio 4: Microbiology (5 decks)

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