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Bio 4: Microbiology > Unit III > Flashcards

Unit III Flashcards

1
Q

Two main categories of Growth Requirements

A

Physical and Chemical

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2
Q

Cold loving microbes

A

Psychrophiles

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3
Q

Lowest temperature at which species will grow

A

Minimum Growth Temperature

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4
Q

Moderate temperature loving microbes

A

Mesophiles

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5
Q

Heat loving microbes

A

Thermophiles

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6
Q

More common than psychrophiles; optimum growth temperature at 20-30°C

A

Psychotrophs

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7
Q

Bacteria growing near neutral pH 6.5-7.5

A

Neutrophiles

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8
Q

Bacteria tolerant of acidity;thrives on pH 1-5

A

Acidophiles

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9
Q

Process of contraction or shrinkahe of protoplasm and causes cell water loss

A

Plasmolysis

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10
Q

Requires high salt concentration for growth

A

Obligate Halophiles

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11
Q

Do not require high salt concentration, but are able to grow at salt concentration higher than normal e.g. 2%—a concentration that inhibits the growth of many other organisms

A

Facultative Halophiles

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12
Q

Half the dry weight of cell

A

Carbon

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13
Q

14% and 4% of the total dry weight

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus respectively

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14
Q

Gets most of their carbon source from their energy sources

A

Chemoheterotrophs

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15
Q

Structural backbone of all living matter

A

Carbon

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16
Q

Essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids

A

Phosphorus

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17
Q

Microbes that use molecular Oxygen (O2)

A

Aerobes

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18
Q

Organisms that require oxygen to live

A

Obligate Aerobes

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19
Q

Aerobic bacteria that has developed the ability to continue growing in the absence of oxygen

A

Facultative aerobes

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20
Q

A toxic form of Oxygen that is a normal molecular Oxygen boosted into a higher energy state

A

Singlet Oxygen

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21
Q

Superoxide anions; formed in small amounts during normal respiration

A

Superoxide radicals

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22
Q

Are bacteria unable to use molecular Oxygen for energy-yielding reaction

A

Anaerobes

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23
Q

Fermentative anaerobes; cannot use oxygen for growth

A

Aerotoleranr anaerobes

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24
Q

used to synthesize sulfur-containing amino acids and vitamins such as thiamine and biotin.

A

Sulfur

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25
Q

are complex polymer containing many times its dry weight in water.

A

Hydrogels

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26
Q

thin slimy layer encasing baceria

A

Biofilms

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27
Q

ability of bacteria to communicate and coordinate behavior

A

Quorum sensing

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28
Q

nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a laboratory

A

Culture medium

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29
Q

Microbes introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth.

A

Inoculum

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30
Q

microbes that grow and multiply in or on a culture medium

A

culture

31
Q

type of culture medium whose exact chemical composition is known.

A

Chemically-defined media

32
Q

A complex polysaccharide; used as solidifying agent for culture media in petri dishes, slants, and deeps

A

Agar

33
Q

Usually reserved for laboratory experimental work, or for the growth of autotrophic bacteria.

A

Complex Media

34
Q

shorter chains of amino acids

A

peptones

35
Q

complex medium in liquid form

A

nutrient broth

36
Q

type of growth media used to avoid anaerobes’ exposure to oxygen

A

reducing media/Special media

37
Q

chemically combines with dissolved oxygen and deplete oxygen in the culture medium

A

Sodium thioglycolate

38
Q

Aerobic Bacteria; grow better at high-CO2 concentrations

A

Capnophiles

39
Q

additives suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes

A

Selective Medium

40
Q

changed in a recognizable manner by some bacteria; Makes it easy to distinguish colonies of Different microbes

A

Differential Medium

41
Q

Similar to selective media, but designed to increase the numbers of desired microbes to detectable levels. Encourages growth of the desired microbe

A

Enrichment Culture

42
Q

culture containing only one species or strain

A

Pure culture

43
Q

can be used for the short-term storage of bacterial cultures

A

Refrigeration

44
Q

rapid cooling of pure culture in suspension liquid

A

Deep freezing

45
Q

Freeze drying

A

Lyophilization

46
Q

bacteria normally reproduce through

A

Binary Fission

47
Q

time required for a cell to divide

A

generation time

48
Q

Phase of Growth; period of little or no cell division.

A

The Lag

49
Q

The phase of Growth; Cellular reproduction is most active during this period

A

The log

50
Q

the growth rate slows as the bacteria approach the carrying capacity,

A

Stationary

51
Q

the number of death exceeds the number of new cells formed

A

death phase

52
Q

The most frequently used method of measuring bacterial populations

A

Plate counts

53
Q

Method of choice for low counts

A

Filtration

54
Q

statistical estimating technique is based on the fact that the greater the number of bacteria in a sample, the more dilution is needed to reduce the density to the point at which no bacteria are left to grow in the tubes in a dilution series.

A

Most probable number (MPN)

55
Q

Microbes in a measured volume of a bacterial suspension are counted with the use of a specially designed slide (Petroff-Hausser Cell counter).

A

Direct Microscopic count

56
Q

Microbial contamination

A

Sepsis

57
Q

Absence of significant contamination

A

Asepsis

58
Q

Acquired during the process of receiving healthcare

A

Nosocomial

59
Q

Expected to destroy pathogens but do not achieve sterility

A

Antimicrobial chemicals

60
Q

Antimicrobial chemical used on objects

A

Disinfectant

61
Q

Antimicrobial chemicals used in living tissue

A

Antiseptic

62
Q

Removal of all microbial life

A

Sterilization

63
Q

Mechanical removal of microbes

A

Degerming

64
Q

Reduces microbes to safe public health levels

A

Sanitization

65
Q

Inhibits bacterial reproduction

A

Bacteriostatic

66
Q

Kills bacteria

A

Bactericidal

67
Q

Factors affecting the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments

A

Number of microbes
Environmental influences
Time of exposure
Microbial Characteristics

68
Q

lowest temperature at which all the microorganisms in a particular liquid suspension will be killed in 10 minutes

A

Thermal Death Point (TDP)

69
Q

minimal length time for all bacteria in a particular liquid culture to be killed at a given temperature

A

Thermal Death Time (TDT)

70
Q

D-value; is the time, in minutes, in which 90% of a population of bacteria at a given temperature.

A

Decimal reduction time (DRT)

71
Q

kills microorganisms primarily by coagulating proteins (denaturation)

A

Moist Heat sterilization

72
Q

preferred method of sterilization in health care environment

A

Autoclaving

73
Q

at what temperature will organisms will be killed

A

15psi @ 121°C

Bio 4: Microbiology (5 decks)

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