UNIT IV: Eukaryotes

Question 1

Alga that infects potato crops

Answer 1

Phytophthora infestans

Question 2

• are chemoheterotrophs, requiring organic compounds for energy and carbon

Answer 2

[Kingdom] Fungi

Question 3

Study of Fungi

Answer 3

Mycology

Question 4

Importance of Fungi

Answer 4

-Recycle vital elements
-Produce Cellulase to decompose hard parts of plants
-Symbiotic with plants [e.g. Mycorrhizae]
-Food (Mushrooms, Breads, Citric acid), and Drugs (Alcohol and Penicillin)

Question 5

Characteristic of Fungi

Answer 5

-Chemoheterotroph
-Multicellular [except yeast]
-Unicellular, Filamentous, and Fleshy
-Produce Sexual and Asexual Spores
-Sterols present in Cell membrane
-Chitin cell wall

Question 6

Multicellular fungi are identified on the basis of:

Answer 6

-Physical Property
-Colony Characteristics
-Reproductive Spores

Question 7

Characteristics of Fungi according to [Vegetative Structures]

Answer 7

-Moldy and Fleshy
-Yeast
-Dimorphic Fungi

Question 8

body of a mold or fleshy fungus

Answer 8

Thallus

Question 9

Long filaments joined together with the thallus

Answer 9

Hyphae/Hypha

Question 10

Hyphae containing cross-walls; which divide then into distinct uninucleate cell like units

Answer 10

Septate hyphae

Question 11

Hyphae that does not contain septa, and appear as a long continuous cell with many nuclei

Answer 11

Coenocytic hyphae

Question 12

Filamentous mass of Hyphae

Answer 12

Mycelium

Question 13

The portion of a hypha that obtains nutrients

Answer 13

Vegetative hypha

Question 14

non-filamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval.

Answer 14

Yeast

Question 15

Yeast dividing unevenly [E.g., Saccharomyces]

Answer 15

Budding yeast

Question 16

Yeast dividing evenly/symmetrically [E.g., Schizosaccharomyces]

Answer 16

Fission Yeast

Question 17

Exhibit Fungal Dimorphism—two forms of growth (Can grow either Mold or Yeast)

Answer 17

Dimorphic Fungi

Question 18

Dimorphism in pathogenic fungi is temperature-dependent:
-at 37°C, the fungus is [a], and
-at 25°C, it is [b]

Answer 18

[a] Yeastlike
[b] moldlike

Question 19

Dimorphism dependent on CO2 concentration.

Answer 19

Mucor indicus

Question 20

Allow a bacterial cell to survive adverse environnemental

Answer 20

Bacterial endospore

Question 21

Forms a spore, that detaches from the parent and germinates into a new mold.

Answer 21

Fungal spore

Question 22

Formed by the hyphae of one organism. When these spores germinate, they become organisms that are genetically identical to the parent.

Answer 22

Asexual Spores

Question 23

Result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus.

Answer 23

Sexual Spores

Question 24

Types of Asexual Spores

Answer 24

Conidiospores (Conidium)
-Arthroconidia
-Blastoconidia
-Chlamydoconidia

Sporangiospore (Sporangium)

Question 25

A unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac; produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore.

Answer 25

Conidiospores (Conidium)

Question 26

Example of Conidiospores

Answer 26

Penicillium and Aspergillus

Question 27

A type of conidiospore formed by the fragmentation of a septate hypha into single, slightly thickened cells

Answer 27

Arthroconidia

Question 28

A type of conidiospore formed from the buds of its parent cell

Answer 28

Blastoconidia

Question 29

A type of conidiospore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment

Answer 29

Chlamydoconidia

Question 30

Formed within a sporangium, or sac, at the end of an aerial hypha called a sporangiophore

Answer 30

Sporangiospore

Question 31

Three phases of Fungal Sexual Reproduction

Answer 31

Plasmogamy (Haploid donor penetrates recipient) Karyogamy (D+R fse to for diploid zygote nucleus) Meiosis (Diploid nucleus produce haploid nuclei)

Question 32

Types of Sexual Spores

Answer 32

Zygosporangium Ascospore Basidiospore