UNIT IV: PLANT GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION (PLANT LIFE PROCESSES)

Question 1

is the process through which green plants
convert solar energy to chemical energy in organic
molecules.

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

______generate their own organic matter through
photosynthesis

Answer 2

Autotrophs

Question 3

Examples of Autotrophs organisms

Answer 3

(a) Mosses, ferns, and flowering plants
(b) Kelp
(c) Euglena
(d) Cyanobacteria

Question 4

Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water).

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process. It also makes oxygen gas!!

Answer 5

Photosynthesis

Question 6

____ absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy

Answer 6

Chloroplast

Question 7

•Absorbing Light Energy to make chemical
energy_____

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

______is the process by which AUTOTROPHIC organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 8

Photosynthesis

Question 9

Photo-synthesis means ?

Answer 9

“putting together with light.”

Question 10

Plants use_____ to turn water and carbon dioxide into_____. _____ is a kind of sugar.

Answer 10

sunlight
glucose
Glucose

Question 11

Plants use_______ as food for energy and as a building block for growing

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

Sites of Photosynthesis

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

– All green plant parts have chloroplasts
and carry out photosynthesis
•The leaves have the most chloroplasts
•The green color comes from chlorophyll in
the chloroplasts
•The pigments absorb light energy

Answer 13

True

Question 14

In most plants, photosynthesis occurs primarily in the leaves, in the chloroplasts

Answer 14

True

Question 15

chloroplast contains?

Answer 15

•stroma, a fluid
•grana, stacks of thylakoids

Question 16

_____is the green pigment that captures light for photosynthesis

Answer 16

Chlorophyll

Question 17

What are the several pigments that Chloroplasts contain?

Answer 17

– Chlorophyll a
– Chlorophyll b
– Carotenoids

Question 18

_____provides the energy and carbon needed to make other plant materials like wax and proteins.

Answer 18

Glucose

Question 19

The______ makes sugar from carbon dioxide.
______generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis.
The ________ produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose

Answer 19

Calvin cycle
ATP (adenosine phosphate)
NADPH

Question 20

What are the 2 phases of PHOTOSYNTHESIS ?

Answer 20

•Light Reactions or Photochemical Reactions or Light-dependent reaction
•Light-independent reaction or Dark Reactions or Biochemical Reactions

Question 21

_____converts light energy into
chemical energy; produces ATP and
NADPH molecules to be used to fuel light-
independent reaction

Answer 21

•Light-dependent

Question 22

_____uses ATP produced to
make simple sugars/ glucose

Answer 22

•Light-independent

Question 23

•Requires light
•Occurs in chloroplast (in thylakoids)
•Chlorophyll (thylakoid) traps energy from
light
•Light excites electron (e-)

Answer 23

Light-dependent Reactions

Question 24

•Energy lost along electron transport chain
•Lost energy used to recharge ATP from
ADP
•NADPH produced from e- transport chain

Answer 24

Light-dependent Reactions

Question 25

What are the Total byproducts of Light-dependent Reactions?

Answer 25

ATP, NADPH, O2

Question 26

What are the 3 components of light reactions ?

Answer 26

a. Photolysis of water (Hill Reaction) b. Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH c. Photophosphorylation

Question 27

_____ water is split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons (e-) and molecular oxygen (O2). 2H2O + light— 4 H+ + 4e- + O2

Answer 27

Photolysis of water (Hill Reaction)

Question 28

_____the electrons from water are transferred through photosynthetic electron transfer system to NADP+ to form NADPH. 2NADP+ + 2H+ + 4e- + light —2NADPH

Answer 28

Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH

Question 29

- light and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are used to convert ADP to ATP. ADP + Pi + light — ATP

Answer 29

Photophosphorylation

Question 30

What are the 2 ways to make an ATP?

Answer 30

1. Substrate level phosphorylation 2. Electron transport chain (chemiosmosis)

Question 31

_____ powers ATP synthesis in the light reactions

Answer 31

Chemiosmosis

Question 32

•Does not require light •Calvin Cycle •Occurs in stroma of chloroplast •Requires CO2 •Uses ATP and NADPH as fuel to run •Makes glucose sugar from CO2 and Hydrogen

Answer 32

Light-independent Reactions

Question 33

•Carbon Fixation (light independent rxn). •Occurs in the stroma. •Uses ATP and NADPH from light reaction (rxn). •Uses CO2.

Answer 33

Calvin Cycle

Question 34

To produce glucose: it takes 6 turns and uses 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The Calvin cycle has 3 phases

Answer 35

Fixation Reduction Regeneration

Question 36

Called _____ because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 3-carbon compound (3-PGA).

Answer 36

C3

Question 37

•Stomata are open during the day •Uses RUBISCO for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2. •Photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll cells •Consists of the Calvin Cycle only

Answer 37

C3 Photosynthesis: C3 Plants

Question 38

Most plants are C3 plants: such as ?

Answer 38

rice, legumes

Question 39

Known as Hatch and Slack pathway (Hatch and Slack, 1966).

Answer 39

C4 Photosynthesis: C4 Plants

Question 40

Called ____ because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 4-carbon compound (Oxaloacetate)

Answer 40

C4

Question 41

•Uses PEP Carboxylase for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2 •Stomata are open during the day •Takes place in mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells

Answer 41

C4 Photosynthesis: C4 Plants

Question 42

C4 plants include several thousand species. Examples: ?

Answer 42

corn, sugarcane, sorghum

Question 43

C4 plants have distinct bundle sheath called ?

Answer 43

“Kranz anatomy”

Question 44

Called_____ after the family in w/c it was first found (Crassulaceae) and because the CO2 is stored in the form of an acid before use in photosynthesis.

Answer 44

CAM Photosynthesis: CAM Plants (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)

Question 45

•Stomata are open at night and are usually closed during the day, •Photosynthesis takes place in the leaf mesophyll •Uses PEP Carboxylase for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2.

Answer 45

CAM Photosynthesis: CAM Plants (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)

Question 46

What affects photosynthesis?

Answer 46

Light intensity Carbon Dioxide Temperature