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Chem > Unit One > Flashcards

Unit One Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a good measurement

A

Uncertainty
Add units
Numbers themselves

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2
Q

When is data accurate

A

“Right”

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3
Q

When is data precise

A

“Consistent”

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4
Q

What is goal when getting data

A

First precision then accuracy

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5
Q

What are the hottest and coldest parts of a flame

A

Hottest on top of inner cone

Coldest very bottom

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6
Q

What makes a good experiment

A

Controlled variable
Independent and dependent variables
Repeatable/detailed

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7
Q

How do we express uncertainty

A

Significant figures and calculating extra decimal

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8
Q

All non zero numbers are or aren’t sig figs

A

Are significant

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9
Q

Zeros sandwiched in between sig gigs are or aren’t significant

A

Significant

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10
Q

Leading zeros before sig figs are or aren’t sig figs

A

Are not sig figs

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11
Q

Trailing zeros with or without decimal, sig or no?

A

With decimal yes sig

No decimal not sig

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12
Q

Counting number sig or no

A

Have infinite number of sig figs, like 20 people

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13
Q

To solve conversion use

A

Dimensional analysis

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14
Q

Conversion factor

A

Ratio or fraction relating or connecting two different units

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15
Q

Conversion unit problem pieces

A

Unknown amount and units
Initial amount and units
Conversion factor

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16
Q

Father of modern chemistry

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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17
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Lavoisiers conclusions

Mass can not be created or destroyed

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18
Q

Matter

A

Anything with mass and volume

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19
Q

Substance

A

Form of matter with uniform and unchanging composition

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20
Q

Filtration

A

Seperate a solids from liquids by using a porous barrier

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21
Q

Distillation

A

Separated substances on the basis of the boiling points of the substances

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22
Q

Crystallization

A

Separates by formation of solid, pure particles from a solution

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23
Q

Chromatography

A

Seperate a substances based on their movement through a special paper

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24
Q

Horizontal rows on periodic table

A

Periods

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25
Q

Vertical rows on periodic table

A

Group or families

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26
Q

State of matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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27
Q

Physical property

A

Characteristic observed or measured without changing sample composition.

28
Q

Density, color, odor, hardness, melting point are all examples of what

A

Physical properties

29
Q

Physical properties have two types that are?

A

Extensive properties and intensive properties

30
Q

What are extensive properties

A

Dependent on the amount of substance present

Ex: mass length volume

31
Q

What are intensive properties

A

Independent on the amount of substance present, ex density

32
Q

Chemical properties

A

The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances, or in ability to

33
Q

Iron forming rust when combine with oxygen is what

A

A chemical property

34
Q

Why is it important to state specific conditions such as temp and pressure under which observations are made?

A

Because both physical and chemical properties depend on these conditions

35
Q

Physical change

A

Alters a substance without changing its composition

36
Q

Foil going from smooth sheet to crumpled ball is

A

A physical change

37
Q

Phase change

A

Transition of matter from one state to another

38
Q

Chemical change

A

Process in which One or more substances changing into new substance with new properties and composition

39
Q

Matter than can’t be physically seperated

A

Pure substance

40
Q

Compound

A

A chemical combination of two or more different elements

41
Q

Element

A

Substance that cannot be seperate D into simpler substances

42
Q

Mixture

A

Matter that can be physically separated, combination of two or more pure substances

43
Q

Uniform mixture

A

Homogenous mixture

44
Q

Not uniform mixture

A

Heterogenous mixture

45
Q

Graphite:
Pepper:
Sugar:
Soda:

A

Element
Hetero mix
Compound
Solution

46
Q

Law of definite composition

A

A given compound always contains the same fixed ratio of elements

47
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds

48
Q

Solution

A

Homo mix
Particles don’t settle
No Tyndall effect

49
Q 
Extensive or intensive identify 
Boiling point:
Volume:
Mass:
Density:
Conductivity:
A 
Intensive
Extensive
Extensive
Intensive
Intensive
50
Q

Percent composition

A

Percentage by mass of each element in a compound
%comp.=
mass of element/total mass X100

51
Q

If matter can’t be separated physically it is a

A

Pure substance

52
Q

Ideal gas

A

No volume
No velocity when collide (elastic collisions)
Random straight motion

53
Q

Real gas

A

Own volume attract each other

54
Q

Gas behavior is most ideal at

A

Low pressures

High temps

55
Q

Dividing numbers with sig figs,

A

Smallest number

56
Q

Using density find volume of a certain grams

A

Divide the grams by the density

57
Q

Calculating percent error

A

Difference/correct

58
Q

Rutherfords experiment indicated that

A

Positive charges are concentrated in a very small core at the atoms center

59
Q

When given electron configuration how do you find the element

A

Count superscripted to determine electrons

60
Q

How to find valence electron

A

Biggest number in electron configuration

61
Q

How to find unpaired electrons

A

Draw last sublevel

62
Q

What have the same valence electrons

A

Down a group

63
Q

If an atom gains electrons what happens to radius

A

Radius increases

64
Q

Higher pressure means what for molecules

A

More molecules

65
Q

At constant pressure the volume of a mole of any ideal gas varies

A

Directly with kelvin temperature

66
Q

Not an assumption of matter made by kinetic molecular theory

A

When particles collide their total energy decreases

Chem (14 decks)

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