Unit One Immunoglobulins

Question 1

Antibodies are secreted by

Answer 1

Effector B cells or plasma cells

Question 2

Antibodies can do what

Answer 2

Clear the blood and tissues of invading pathogens and their toxins

Question 3

Antibodies general or specific

Answer 3

Specific

Question 4

A B cell produces only one specificity of what throughout its life

Answer 4

Antibody

Question 5

Antibody binding to a specific pathogen results in what

Answer 5

B cell proliferation and differentiation

Question 6

What is antibody clonal selection

Answer 6

Large amounts of antibodies are produced specifically for a single pathogen

Question 7

What agammaglobulinemia

Answer 7

No ability to produce antibodies

Question 8

Where is the variable part of the antibody

Answer 8

On the ends of the Y structure

Question 9

Differences in types of antibodies are where on the antibody

Answer 9

Constant region which shows different functions

Question 10

Antibodies are made up of how many polypeptide chains

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Antibody has how many heavy chains

Answer 11

2 identical

Question 12

How smaller chains does antibody have

Answer 12

Two identical

Question 13

The variable region on AB forms the

Answer 13

Antigen binding site

Question 14

The constant region has no

Answer 14

Variation in amino acid sequence

Question 15

Where is the hinge region

Answer 15

In the middle and provides flexibility

Question 16

what is Fab in antibody

Answer 16

Fragment antigen binding region that binds to antigen

Question 17

Fc region in antibody does what

Answer 17

Mediates the effector functions

Question 18

Difference in Fc regions indicate difference in what

Answer 18

Isotopes

Question 19

What are the different types of antibodies

Answer 19

IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgE

Question 20

What are the hypervariable regions in antibodies

Answer 20

Unstructured protein regions in antigen binding site, contains different amino acid structures

Question 21

What are the complementarity determining regions in antibody (CDR1-3)

Answer 21

Binds to the antigens complementarily

Question 22

Aka of antigenic determinant

Answer 22

Epitope

Question 23

What is an epitope

Answer 23

Part of antigen that binds to antibody

Question 24

What is a multivalent antigen

Answer 24

Antigen that contains more than one epitope or copy of the epitope

Question 25

What are the two types of epitope

Answer 25

Linear and discontinuous

Question 26

What are linear epitope

Answer 26

Successive amino acids

Question 27

What are discontinuous epitopes

Answer 27

Amino acids brought together because of folding

Question 28

What is hybridoma production

Answer 28

Making immortal B cells through B cells fusion with a tumor cell

Question 29

Each antibody requires what gene segments

Answer 29

VDJ genes (variable, diversity and joining)

Question 30

What is somatic recombination

Answer 30

Recombination of VDJ segments

Question 31

What is junctional diversity

Answer 31

Heptamer cleaved from D and J segment to form hairpin, Hairpin open to expose nucleotides, add nucleotides and find match, and then add more nucleotides to create more diversity

Question 32

Naive B cells express what antibodies

Answer 32

IgM and IgD

Question 33

Alternative mRNA splicing allows for

Answer 33

Expression of IgM and IgD on cell surface

Question 34

After antibodies are recombined, the bound immunoglobulin express what on their cell surface

Answer 34

IgM and IgD

Question 35

What assistant proteins are on the cell surface of bound immunoglobulins

Answer 35

Igalpha and Igbeta that help with intracellular signaling

Question 36

When a B cell recognizes its antigen the membrane bound IgM and IgD become

Answer 36

Secreted antibodies

Question 37

After B cell activation, what further increases antibody diversification

Answer 37

Somatic hypermutations

Question 38

Somatic hypermutations occur through

Answer 38

Point mutations

Question 39

Aka of somatic hypermutations

Answer 39

Affinity maturation

Question 40

What is affinity maturation

Answer 40

Mature affinity of antibody every time matches with antigen

Question 41

Somatic hypermutation/ affinity maturation changes what on antibody

Answer 41

Variable region

Question 42

What is isotype switching

Answer 42

Change in constant region causing different function of antibody

Question 43

What antibodies have subclasses

Answer 43

IgG and IgA

Question 44

Function of antibodies

Answer 44

Neutralization, opsonization, and activation of complement

Question 45

Neutralization with antibodies

Answer 45

Binding to pathogen or toxin and preventing it from interacting with human cells

Question 46

What antibodies work with neutralization

Answer 46

IgM, IgG and IgA

Question 47

Opsonization with antibodies

Answer 47

Coating the protein with opsonins to allow phagocytosis to take place more easily

Question 48

What antibodies work with opsonization

Answer 48

IgG and IgA

Question 49

Activation of compliment with antibodies

Answer 49

Antibodies bound to the surface of a bacteria can activate complement for lysis of the bacterium

Question 50

What antibodies are part of activation of complement

Answer 50

IgM, IgG and IgA

Question 51

IgM function

Answer 51

Complement activation, opsonization in blood

Question 52

Function of IgA

Answer 52

Mucosal surface, in gut and bodily fluids

Question 53

IgE function

Answer 53

Recruits mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to fight parasites, helps with allergies

Question 54

Function of IgD

Answer 54

Located in the upper respiratory tract ot interact with commensal and pathogenic respiratory bacteria

Question 55

IgG function

Answer 55

Most abundant with great flexibility. Best antibody