Unit Two - Measuring Earth

Question 1

What is the first layer of the earth

Answer 1

Crust - The earth’s rocky and solid outer layer (Think of a hard boiled egg)

Question 2

What is the two types of crust on earth?

Answer 2

Oceanic Crust - Crust found under oceans
(More Dense and thinner - Basaltic)

Continental Crust - Crust that makes up the continents
(Less Dense and thicker - Granitic)

Question 3

What is the center of the earth?

Well, the two parts that make up the center

Answer 3

Core:
Outer Core - Molten metal surrounding the inner core

Inner Core - Dense ball of solid metal
Both made out of Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe)

Question 4

What are the three sections of the mantle?

Answer 4

Rigid Mantle- layer just below the crust
(Crust + Rigid Mantle = Lithosphere)

Plastic Mantle (Asthenosphere) - Has convection currents: magma can flow in this layer (It can flow because its just above the melting point, but it is partially melted, which is less dense)

Stiffer Mantle- Magma is harder and doesn’t flow as much/easily (Molasses, high viscosity)

Question 5

Why must scientists rely on indirect methods to study the Earth’s interior?

Answer 5

We aren’t able to dig down that far through the crust
(As soon as you dig, you will create a mini volcano because magma will squirt out)

Question 6

As you travel downward from the surface of the earth toward the center, the temperature

Answer 6

increases to over 6,000 degrees celsius.

Question 7

What is the middle layer of the earth?

Answer 7

Mantle

Question 8

Latitude

Answer 8

0 - 90 degrees
Starting Line - The Equator
90 Degrees North is the North Pole
90 Degrees South is the South Pole
Determines North and South
Lines Don’t Intersect
Latitude Measurements are First
Seen at the y-axis
THE ALTITUDE OF POLARIS IS EQUAL TO ONLY THE NORTH PART OF LATITUDE

Question 9

Longitude

Answer 9

0 - 180 degrees
Starting Line - Prime Meridian
International Date Line is 180 degrees
Determines West and East
Line Intersect at Both Poles
Longitude Measurements are Second
Seen at the Top of the Map

Question 10

Time Zones

Answer 10

ONLY INTERACTS WITH LONGITUDE
Earth is 360 degrees and 24 Hours
There are 24 time zones, one hour and 15 degrees apart.
Midnight is in the middle of the darkness, Noon is in the middle of the light. 6pm goes into the darkness and 6am goes into the light.

Question 11

What is the gradient formula?

Answer 11

Change in Field Value (m)
Distance (mi)