Flashcards in Unit Two Overview Deck (50)
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1
The theory that relates best with Erving Goffman is
Dramaturgy
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Dramaturgy
the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
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Performance Ethnography
role of performance to sustain social communities and express their values
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Erving Goffman's Main Idea
Social interactions of everyday life can be understood as performance
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Presentation of the Self
Portraying an image to society
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Impression Management
Portray self in a way that creates desired impression.
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What is the role of impression management
successful socially appropriate social interactions
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3 critiques of Dramaturgy
1) Lack of Clarity
2) Too Speculative
3) Not a Coherent Theory
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Performance Ethnography studies the
symbolic behaviors/activities that create and express cultural values
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Research method of Performance Ethnography
Field based where researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject, face to face and personalized
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Performance Ethnography requires a lot of detail to be gathered in order to identify a pattern of behaviour, meaning that it is
inductive
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Study subjects in Performance Ethnography can expand on research findings making it
Dialogic
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What is thin description?
Raw observances that do not describe meaning to underlying behaviors
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What is thick description?
in depth understanding to the meanings and motivations behind underlying specific actions
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Hermeneutics
refers to the idea that understanding of the text as a whole is established by individual parts and one's understanding of each individual part as reference to the whole.
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Relational Dialectics suggest
people communicate to manage unavoidable tensions in relationships
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Social Exchange Theory suggests
We communicate and build relationships to gain rewards and minimize costs
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The two theorists most linked with Dialectical Theory are...
Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery
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How is tension in Relational Dialectics produced?
opposing or contradictory forces that people experience in their relationships
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What is the Hegelian resolution of differences
Thesis + Antithesis = Synthesis
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What is Bakhtin's Dialectic
No resolution, just occasional moments of respite. Thesis + Antithesis = Tension
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What are the 3 main categories of Tensions
Integration/Separation
Stability/Change
Expression/Privacy
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Internal/External of Integration/Separation
Connection/Autonomy and Inclusion/Seclusion
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Internal/External of Stability/Change
Predictability/Novelty and Convention/Uniqueness
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Internal/External of Expression/Privacy
Openness/Closedness and Revelation/Concealment
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Do Montgomery and Baxter think that tension produces problem?
No, relationships need the interplay of differences, it is how people and relationships grow and not boring
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4 ways people manage tension in relationships
Selection
Separation
Neutralization
Reframing
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Critiques on Relations Dialectic
1) People tend to like this theory
2) only 3 types of dialectics?
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Main idea of Social Exchange Theory
assumes that people are motivated by the quest to maximize personal rewards
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3 claims by SET
people are rational, they build relationships to gain rewards, and people most value relationships that require the least effort
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Cost-Benefit Analysis
Outcome = Reward - Cost
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What is Comparison Level?
Expectations for a current relationship based on past or observable experiences
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Comparison Level of Alternatives
The stability of a current relationship based on the perceived value of alternatives to the relationship ie. not being in one
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What is the role of equity and inequity in relationships?
a relationship will continue or dissolve depending on the perceived inequity/equity of the relationship
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4 critiques of SET
1) Low Heuristic Value
2) Not testable
3) Inappropriate for people
4) Not supported by research
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In Canada, social groups are organized along lines of (6)
a. Race and Ethnicity
b. Class and Income
c. Gender
d. Sexuality
e. Age
f. Ability
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Key ideas in standpoint theory
social, material and symbolic circumstances of a social group shape the standpoint of members of that group
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Why do groups in positions of lesser power in society have more accurate or complete view of social life than groups with more power in society
1) security: understand how the status quo operates
2) no reason to maintain social hierarchy because subjugated groups are not served by it
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Partial Perspective
each individual vantage point only provides a partial understanding of the social whole
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Outsider Within
double consciousness: a person acquires more accurate knowledge as a part of both a normal and marginalized social position
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Donna Haraway questioned the objectivity of knowledge in that...
knowledge is never "pure" or objective because it is shaped by social circumstances
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Different standpoints produce different
knowledge
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Accuracy
the ability to see more than what is available to ones own specific social location
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Critique of Standpoint Theory
Privileges marginalized standpoints and obscures human diversity therefore reifies stereotypes
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Suzanne Langer is most associated with what theory?
Speech communities
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Speech Communities in a nutshell
different social groups teach member distinct styles of communication that people outside that community do not understand
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Speech Code
a system of communicating apart from outsiders
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Communication Rules
regular patterns in the communication used by particular groups that are socially constructed
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Why are misunderstandings likely to occur according to speech communities?
members of different social groups are socialized to have different styles of communication so when people intercommunicate, misunderstanding is likely
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