Unit Two Overview

Question 1

The theory that relates best with Erving Goffman is

Answer 1

Dramaturgy

Question 2

Dramaturgy

Answer 2

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance

Question 3

Performance Ethnography

Answer 3

role of performance to sustain social communities and express their values

Question 4

Erving Goffman’s Main Idea

Answer 4

Social interactions of everyday life can be understood as performance

Question 5

Presentation of the Self

Answer 5

Portraying an image to society

Question 6

Impression Management

Answer 6

Portray self in a way that creates desired impression.

Question 7

What is the role of impression management

Answer 7

successful socially appropriate social interactions

Question 8

3 critiques of Dramaturgy

Answer 8

1) Lack of Clarity
2) Too Speculative
3) Not a Coherent Theory

Question 9

Performance Ethnography studies the

Answer 9

symbolic behaviors/activities that create and express cultural values

Question 10

Research method of Performance Ethnography

Answer 10

Field based where researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject, face to face and personalized

Question 11

Performance Ethnography requires a lot of detail to be gathered in order to identify a pattern of behaviour, meaning that it is

Answer 11

inductive

Question 12

Study subjects in Performance Ethnography can expand on research findings making it

Answer 12

Dialogic

Question 13

What is thin description?

Answer 13

Raw observances that do not describe meaning to underlying behaviors

Question 14

What is thick description?

Answer 14

in depth understanding to the meanings and motivations behind underlying specific actions

Question 15

Hermeneutics

Answer 15

refers to the idea that understanding of the text as a whole is established by individual parts and one’s understanding of each individual part as reference to the whole.

Question 16

Relational Dialectics suggest

Answer 16

people communicate to manage unavoidable tensions in relationships

Question 17

Social Exchange Theory suggests

Answer 17

We communicate and build relationships to gain rewards and minimize costs

Question 18

The two theorists most linked with Dialectical Theory are…

Answer 18

Leslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery

Question 19

How is tension in Relational Dialectics produced?

Answer 19

opposing or contradictory forces that people experience in their relationships

Question 20

What is the Hegelian resolution of differences

Answer 20

Thesis + Antithesis = Synthesis

Question 21

What is Bakhtin’s Dialectic

Answer 21

No resolution, just occasional moments of respite. Thesis + Antithesis = Tension

Question 22

What are the 3 main categories of Tensions

Answer 22

Integration/Separation
Stability/Change
Expression/Privacy

Question 23

Internal/External of Integration/Separation

Answer 23

Connection/Autonomy and Inclusion/Seclusion

Question 24

Internal/External of Stability/Change

Answer 24

Predictability/Novelty and Convention/Uniqueness

Question 25

Internal/External of Expression/Privacy

Answer 25

Openness/Closedness and Revelation/Concealment

Question 26

Do Montgomery and Baxter think that tension produces problem?

Answer 26

No, relationships need the interplay of differences, it is how people and relationships grow and not boring

Question 27

4 ways people manage tension in relationships

Answer 27

Selection Separation Neutralization Reframing

Question 28

Critiques on Relations Dialectic

Answer 28

1) People tend to like this theory | 2) only 3 types of dialectics?

Question 29

Main idea of Social Exchange Theory

Answer 29

assumes that people are motivated by the quest to maximize personal rewards

Question 30

3 claims by SET

Answer 30

people are rational, they build relationships to gain rewards, and people most value relationships that require the least effort

Question 31

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Answer 31

Outcome = Reward - Cost

Question 32

What is Comparison Level?

Answer 32

Expectations for a current relationship based on past or observable experiences

Question 33

Comparison Level of Alternatives

Answer 33

The stability of a current relationship based on the perceived value of alternatives to the relationship ie. not being in one

Question 34

What is the role of equity and inequity in relationships?

Answer 34

a relationship will continue or dissolve depending on the perceived inequity/equity of the relationship

Question 35

4 critiques of SET

Answer 35

1) Low Heuristic Value 2) Not testable 3) Inappropriate for people 4) Not supported by research

Question 36

In Canada, social groups are organized along lines of (6)

Answer 36

a. Race and Ethnicity b. Class and Income c. Gender d. Sexuality e. Age f. Ability

Question 37

Key ideas in standpoint theory

Answer 37

social, material and symbolic circumstances of a social group shape the standpoint of members of that group

Question 38

Why do groups in positions of lesser power in society have more accurate or complete view of social life than groups with more power in society

Answer 38

1) security: understand how the status quo operates | 2) no reason to maintain social hierarchy because subjugated groups are not served by it

Question 39

Partial Perspective

Answer 39

each individual vantage point only provides a partial understanding of the social whole

Question 40

Outsider Within

Answer 40

double consciousness: a person acquires more accurate knowledge as a part of both a normal and marginalized social position

Question 41

Donna Haraway questioned the objectivity of knowledge in that...

Answer 41

knowledge is never "pure" or objective because it is shaped by social circumstances

Question 42

Different standpoints produce different

Answer 42

knowledge

Question 43

Accuracy

Answer 43

the ability to see more than what is available to ones own specific social location

Question 44

Critique of Standpoint Theory

Answer 44

Privileges marginalized standpoints and obscures human diversity therefore reifies stereotypes

Question 45

Suzanne Langer is most associated with what theory?

Answer 45

Speech communities

Question 46

Speech Communities in a nutshell

Answer 46

different social groups teach member distinct styles of communication that people outside that community do not understand

Question 47

Speech Code

Answer 47

a system of communicating apart from outsiders

Question 48

Communication Rules

Answer 48

regular patterns in the communication used by particular groups that are socially constructed

Question 49

Why are misunderstandings likely to occur according to speech communities?

Answer 49

members of different social groups are socialized to have different styles of communication so when people intercommunicate, misunderstanding is likely

Question 50

Why do people code switch?

Answer 50

to fit in, to get something, to be private or convey a thought