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Psychology > Unit V > Flashcards

Unit V Flashcards

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1
Q

What allowed Captain Sullenburg to save the plane?

A

Emotion regulation

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2
Q

Affect

A

The experience of feeling or emotion

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3
Q

The two components of affect?

A

Emotions and motivation

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4
Q

Latin root of emotions and motivation

A

To move

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5
Q

Arousal

A

Our experiences of the bodily responses created by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

What hormones are released when we are aroused?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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7
Q

Emotion

A

A mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behavior

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8
Q

Motivation

A

A need or desire that initiates and directs behavior

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9
Q

Examples of biological motivations

A

Food, water

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10
Q

Examples of social motivations

A

Want for acceptance

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11
Q

What are drives?

A

Internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body are out of balance

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12
Q

What are goals?

A

Desired end states

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13
Q

What do emotions help us with?

A

Making rapid judgements about stimuli and to quickly guide behavior

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14
Q

What is cognitive appraisal?

A

The cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions

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15
Q

What is valence?

A

The quality of a feeling

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16
Q

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions?

A

Emotions and arousal occur simultaneously

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17
Q

What is the James Lange theory of emotions?

A

Emotions are the result of arousal

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18
Q

What is Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory?

A

Arousal and cognition combine to create emotion

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19
Q

What is the misattribution of arousal?

A

The tendency for people to incorrectly label the source of the arousal they are experiencing.

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20
Q

What is excitement transfer?

A

The phenomenon that occurs when people who are already experiencing arousal from one event tend to also experience unrelated emotions more strongly.

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21
Q

What are proxemics?

A

Rules about the appropriate use of personal space

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22
Q

What is body appearance?

A

Expressions based on alterations to our body

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23
Q

What is body positioning and movement?

A

Expressions based on how our body appears

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24
Q

What is paralanguage?

A

Clues to identify or emotions contained in our voices

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25
How many muscles does the face have?
43
26
How many configurations can it make?
10,000
27
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
The movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions
28
What is stress?
The physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats
29
Stage 1 of General Adaption Syndrome
General alarm reaction: Release of stress hormones
30
Stage 2 of General Adaption Syndrome
Resistence: Body attempts to return to normal functions, glucose levels and blood pressure increases
31
Stage 3 of General Adaption Syndrome
Exhaustion: Body runs out of reserve energy, blood sugar decreases and the body's organs begin to fail
32
What is the HPA axis?
A physiological response to stress involving interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the adrenal glands
33
What is ACTH?
A stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood, helping prepare the body to respond to threat
34
What are the biological effects of stress?
Increases cardiac output and reduces the ability of the blood vessels to conduct blood through the arteries
35
What is the fight or flight response?
An emotional and behavioral reaction to stress that increases the readiness for action
36
What is the tend and befriend response?
A behavioral reaction to stress that involves activities designed to create social networks that provide protection from threats
37
Self efficacy
The belief in our ability to carry out actions that produce desired outcomes
38
Direct effects of social support
Having people to rely on and trust
39
Appreciation effects of social support
Feeling good about ourselves
40
Two areas in the hypothalamus important to eating
Lateral and the ventromedial
41
What does the Lateral do?
Cues us to start eating
42
What does the ventromedial do?
Cues us to stop eating
43
What is glucose?
The main sugar the body uses for energy
44
What regulates glucose?
Insulin
45
What hormones (other than glucose and insulin) affect appetite?
Orexin, ghrelin, and leptin
46
What does the basal metabolic rate determine?
Weight
47
What is the basal metabolic rate?
The amount of energy expended while at rest
48
What is anorexia nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight, distorted body image, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight
49
What is bulimia nervosa?
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
50
What are effects of eating disorders?
Low self esteem, perfectionism, and skewed perceptions of weight
51
What is obesity?
A medical condition in which so much excess body fat has accumulated in the body that it begins to have an adverse impact on health
52
What calculates obesity?
BMI
53
What does motivation emphasize?
Needs, desires, and mental calculations that lead to goal directed behavior
54
What did Darwin say about expression of feelings?
We all express certain feelings in the same way
55
What did James note?
Nearly every description of emotions emphasized bodily changes
56
What was Arnold's theory
Emotions can be analyzed into a series of stages
57
Arnold Stage 1
Perceive an item or event
58
Arnold Stage 2
Appraisal
59
Arnold Stage 3
Bodily change
60
Arnold Stage 4
Emotion
61
Arnold Stage 5
Action
62
Drive reduction theory
An organism will act in a random or habitual manner to meet its needs
63
The goal or incentive in drive reduction theory must have two qualities
1. Has to meet need | 2. Has to recognize that it meets the need
64
Whose experiment contradicted drive reduction theory?
Harry and Margaret Harlow
65
What are the 4 levels of needs in the Hierarchy of needs
1. Fundamental needs 2. Psychological needs 3. Self actualization needs 4. Self transcendence needs
66
What are the two categories within the fundamental needs category?
1. Body needs | 2. Security and safety
67
What are the two categories within the psychological needs category?
1. Love and belonging | 2. Esteem
68
What are the qualities of self actualization?
Found your unique potential, good sense of humor, problem focused, always learning
69
What are the qualities of self-transcendence?
Moving away from self to help others
70
What are physiological motives?
Hunger, thirst, rest, sex
71
What three kinds of information are interpreted in hunger?
Stomach sounds, low blood sugar, and body temperature
72
Obese people tend to respond to____cues and healthy people respond to____cues
External, internal
73
How many needs did Henry Murray identify in his personality theory?
16
74
Who found a way to measure achievement?
David McClelland
75
What is the TAT test?
Thematic Apperception Test: subject views series of picture and makes up stories
76
What are qualities of high achievers?
Focused on people who will help them succeed, not artistic, insensitive, low risk takers, moderate goals
77
Who discovered women's motive to avoid success?
Martina Horner
78
What is Yerkes Dodson's law?
The relationship between task difficulty and arousal level: the more difficult a task, the more arousal

Psychology (5 decks)

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