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GENBIO > UNIT VII DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (2nd) > Flashcards

UNIT VII DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (2nd) Flashcards

1
Q

Conversion of food into nutrients.

A

Digestive Sytstem

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2
Q

6 Funtions of Digestive System

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Propulsion
  3. Food Breakdown: Mechanical Digestion
  4. Food Breakdown: Chemical Digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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3
Q

Active Voluntary Action

A

Ingestion

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4
Q

Movement of one another

Contraction and Relaxation

A

Propulsion

Peristalsis

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5
Q

Fragments food into smaller part

A

Mechanical Digestion

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6
Q

Breaking down of food chemically

catalyts of change

A

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes

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7
Q

Muscle Cell
1. With ATP change
2. no ATP

A

Absorption
1. Active
2. Passive

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8
Q

Elimination of indigestive food
1. Plants
2. Animals

A

Defecation
1. Cellulose
2. Chitin

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9
Q

3 Major Parts of Digestive System

A
  1. Digestive tube
  2. Digestive Glands
  3. Accessory Parts
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10
Q

Starting from the mounth and ending in the anus.

A

Digestive Tube

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11
Q

Responsible for secretion of digestive juices containing enymes for digestion of food.

A

Digestive Glands

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12
Q

Aid in the physical digestion of food

A

Accessory Parts

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13
Q

First part of digestive system and Contains Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oral Cavity (salivary amylase)

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14
Q

produce saliva which contains enzymes to breakdown carbohydrates into glucose

A

Salivary glands

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15
Q

Is the beginning of the digestive tract

A

Mount

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16
Q

Breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested

A

Chewing

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17
Q

Salivary enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

A

Amylase

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18
Q

Salivary enzyme that are active against bacteria

A

Lysozyme

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19
Q

house taste buds and mucus

A

Tongue

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20
Q

It helps to breakdown the food

A

Teeth

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21
Q

How many teeth in a normal adult?

A

32 teeth

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22
Q

5 types of teeth

A
  1. incisors
  2. canine
  3. premolars
  4. molars
  5. wisdom
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23
Q

How many a primary or baby teeth

A

20

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24
Q

Each tooth has?

A
  1. crown
  2. cusp
  3. neck
  4. root
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25
Q

A center of tooth is a?

A

Pulp cavity

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26
Q

hard covering protects against abrasions

A

Enamel

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27
Q

are breakdown of enamel by acids from bacteria

A

Cavities

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28
Q

Connects the mouth to the esophagus and it is the present to your throat

Food tube

A

Pharynx

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29
Q

posterior to the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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30
Q

is continuous with the esophagus below; both of which are common passageways for food, fluids, and air

A

Laryngopharynx

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31
Q

Anatomy of Pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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32
Q

Collapsible muscular tube extending from the pharynx through an opening in the diaphragm (hiatus) to the stomach

How long and diameter?

Secretes musucs and facilitate passage of food

A

Esophagus

25 cm long and 0.13 cm in diameter

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33
Q

4 Phase of Swallowing

A
  1. Voluntary phase
  2. Pharyngeal phase
  3. Esophageal phase
  4. Peristalsis
34
Q

formed in mouth and push into orophrynx

mass of food

A

Voluntary phase

Bolus

35
Q

formed in mouth and push into orophrynx

mass of food

A

Voluntary phase

Bolus

36
Q

swallowing reglex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in orophrynx

A

Pharyngeal phase

37
Q

moves food from pharynx to stomach

A

Esophageal phase

38
Q

wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

39
Q

also is at work in thjis organ, moving food through and mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver

A

Peristalsis

40
Q

Layers of Digestive System

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa/adventitia
41
Q

is one large tube from mouth to anus plus the accessory organs

A

Digestive system

42
Q

* innermost layer
* secretes mucus

A

Mucosa

43
Q

* above mucosa
* contains blood vessels, nerves, small glands

A

Submucosa

44
Q

* above submucosa
* longitudinal, circular, and oblique muscles

A

Muscularis

45
Q

outermost layer

peritoneum is present called

no peritoneum then called

A

Serosa/adventitia

serosa

adventitia

46
Q

a hollow organ, or “container”, that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form

**what acid is in the said anwer **

A

Stomach

hydrochloric acid

47
Q

Stomach is a highly muscular pouch found in the?

A

Epigastric and left hypochondriac portions of the abdominal cavity

48
Q

Stomach is divided into 3 parts

A
  1. fundus
  2. body
  3. pylorus
49
Q

Division of Stomach

upper portion towards the left

A

fundus

50
Q

Division of Stomach

central portion

A

body

51
Q

Division of Stomach

antrum

A

pylorus

52
Q

with a lesser curvature and greater curvature

A
  1. upper right border
  2. lower left border
53
Q

final digestion of food and absorption of digested food

A

Small intestine

54
Q

how long is a small intestine

A

22-foot long muscular tube

55
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
56
Q

Parts of Small intestine

largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process

A

duodenum

57
Q

Parts of Small intestine

mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

A

jejunum and ileum

58
Q

Parts of Small intestine

ducts for the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

A

duodenum

59
Q

Parts of Small intestine

deep red, extensive blood supply, peristaltic movements are rapid vigorous

A

jejunum

60
Q

Parts of Small intestine

blood supply is limited, peristaltic movements are slower

A

ileum

61
Q

secretes
digestive enzymes
into the duodenum

A

Pancreas

62
Q

process the nutrients absorbed from the small
intestine.

A

Liver

63
Q

secreted into the
small intestine also plays an important role in
digesting fat.

dilutes and neutralizes stomach acid and
breaks down fats

A

Bile

64
Q

is a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the
small intestine to the rectum.

A

Large intestines

65
Q

Large intestine is divided into three parts:

A
  1. caecum/cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
66
Q

Division of large intestine

(first
5- 7.6 cm)

A

caecum/cecum

67
Q

Division of large intestine

(ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid)

A

colon

68
Q

Division of large intestine

(17.7 or
20.3 cm)

A

rectum

69
Q

absorption and temporary
storage of fecal matter

A

for water and Na+ ion

70
Q

Division of large intestine

absorbs fluids and salt

A

cecum

71
Q

Division of large intestine

lubricate waste products

A

Colon

72
Q

Division of large intestine

terminal segment of the digestive system

(Latin for “straight”)

receive stool from the colon (8-inch chamber)

A

Rectum

73
Q

Terminal opening on the digestive tube
for defecation.

A

Anus

74
Q

The anus is surrounded by______ that are important in allowing
control of stool.

A

Sphincter muscles

75
Q

Different types of digestive glands

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Gastic glands
  3. Goblet cells
  4. Liver
  5. Pancreas
76
Q

Microscopic glands found in the gastric
mucosa.

Secrete gastric juice provided with
enzymes.

A

Gastric glands

77
Q

Microscopic unicellular glands found in the
intestinal mucosa.

Secrete intestinal juice or succus entericus
with enzymes.

A

Goblet cells

78
Q

Decontaminates various substances.

Largest gland divided into lobes.

Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Vitamin
Metabolism.

Bile secretion

A

Liver

79
Q

Large lobulated gland which is both an
endocrine and exocrine gland.

Secrete pancreatic juice and enzymes

connected with pancreatic
ducts.

A

Pancreas

Pancreatic cells

80
Q

Digestion

Physical and chemical conversion of food to
simple absorbable forms.

A

Simple sugar from carbohydrates

Amino acids from proteins.

Fatty acids and glycerol from lipids

Nucleotides from nucleic acid

GENBIO (8 decks)

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