Upper Digestive System Flashcards
(105 cards)
Two main groups of digestive organs
- Alimentary canal
- Accessory organs
Alimentary canal is also called _______, a continuous muscular tube that digests and absorbs food.
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
______ of the GI tract include mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, which terminates in anus.
Organs
_______ include teeth, tongue, gall bladder, and glands such as salivary glands, liver, and pancreas. Glands produce saliva, bile, and digestive enzymes.
Accessory digestive organs
Function of Digestive system
- Propulsion
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Excretion
- Immunologic protection
- Hormone production
For convenience, the digestive system can be divided into _____ and ______.
Upper and lower tracts
The ________ includes the oral cavity (lips, teeth, palate, tongue, cheeks), pharynx, and esophagus.
Upper digestive tract
The ________ deals mostly with digestion, absorption, and excretion, and includes stomach, small and large intestines, and anal canal.
Lower tract
The oral cavity is the ______ the the digestive system. It is a ______ in which the food is mechanically fragmented by teeth, chemically modified by enzymes, and lubricated by saliva.
- Entrance
- Chamber
The oral cavity contains a narrow space between lips and teeth called ______. It is bounded by _____ and _____ palates above, back of _____ and _____ anteriorly, and ________ of cheeks laterally.
- Vestibule
- Hard and Soft
- Gums and teeth
- Palatoglossal folds
Four layers of the GI wall
- Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propia, muscularis mucosae)
- Submucosa
- Tunica muscularis or muscularis externa
- Serosa (in esophagus=adventitia)
Three types of oral mucosa
- Lining
- Masticatory
- Specialized
_______ forms inner lining of lips, cheeks, soft palate, floor of mouth, and undersurface of tongue. The specific tissue is _______.
- Lining mucosa
- Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
_______ is found in gingivae (gums) and hard palate. The specific tissue is ________.
- Masticatory
- Lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
_____ is found on the dorsal surface of tongue. The specific tissue is _______.
- Specialized mucosa
- Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Much of the oral cavity is occupied by _____, a highly mobile muscular structure.
Tongue
In humans, the tongue engages in _____, ______, ______, and ______.
- Mastication
- Swallowing
- Speech
- Taste
The epithelium of the tongue is ________.
Smooth nonkeratinized stratified squamous
The tongue consists of ______ oriented vertically, horizontally and longitudinally and intersecting at right angles providing _________.
- Striated muscles
- High degree of mobility
The tongue has a V-shaped groove called ______ between the anterior (oral) 2/3rd and the posterior (pharyngeal) 1/3rd.
Sulcus terminalis
The three main types of surface projections called _______ that are seen on the roughened _____ surface of the ________ of the tongue are ______, ______, and ______.
- Lingual papillae
- Dorsal
- Anterior two-thirds
- Filiform
- Fungiform
- Circumvallate
_______ are the most numerous, slender and conical projections, have heavily keratinized cells. The grey color is due to keratin.
Filiform
_______ have narrow base, widely scattered among filiform papillae and have connective tissue core.
Fungiform
_______ is one row of 8-12 on the posterior side of tongue, largest in size, epithelium nonkeratinized or incompletely keratinized, with _________.
- Circumvallate
- Serous glands of von Ebner