Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Upper GI (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Upper GI (Exam 3) Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Upper GI

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Beginning of small intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lower GI

A

Small intestines
Colon
Recutm/anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All upper GI disorder

A

GERD

Hiatal hernia

Gastritis

Acute gastroenteritis

PUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper GI: Esophageal disorders

A

GERD

Hiatal Hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Upper GI problems: Inflammatory disorders of the stomach

A

Gastritis

Acute gastroenteritis

PUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dysphagia: Definitions

A

Difficult swallowing

Begins with solids and progresses to liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dysphagia: Mechanical Obstructions

A

Stenosis or stricture

Diverticula

Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dysphagia: Neuromuscular

A

CVA storke

Achalasia - LES can’t open properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GERD: What is it and why does it happen?

A

Gastroa Esophageal Reflux Disease

Heartburn

LES not closing properly which allows stomach contents to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is GERD irritating?

A

HIGHLY acidic material passing through the LES into the esphogous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GERD: Etiology

A

Anything that alters closure strength of LES

or

Increase abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Things that can trigger GERD

A

Food and Drink Irritants

Cigarette

Sleep position

Obesity

Pregnancy

Pharmacologic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GERD: Clinical Manifestiations

A

-Heartburn (pyrosis)

-Dyspepsia (discomfort)

-Regurgitation

-Dysphagia

-Pulmonary symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GERD: Complications

A

Tooth decay and bad breath

Chronic cough and asthma

Earache and hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GERD: Severe Complications

A

-Ulcerations in E

-Scarring in E

-Strictures in E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most severe complication of GERD

A

Barrett esophagus (development of abnormal metaplastic tissue - premalignant)

Three fold increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

17% survival rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

A defect in the diaphragm that allows part of the STOMACH to pass into the THORAX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sliding hernia

A

usually small and often do not need treatment

peritoneum stays intact and restrains size of the hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Paraesophageal Hernia

A

Part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm and stays there

Rolling hernia

Peritoneum becomes thinner and stomach enters into chest area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hiatal hernia: What causes it?

A

Injuring or damage may weaken the diaphragm

Repeatedly putting too much pressure:
Coughing - Vomiting - Constipations straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hiatal Hernia: RF

Study These Flashcards
A

Age

Obesity

Smoking

22
Q

Hiatal Hernia: Clinical manifestations

Study These Flashcards
A

-Asymptomatic

-Belching

-Dysphagia

-Chest pain

23
Q

Hiatal Hernia: Treatment (non pharm)

Study These Flashcards
A

Small and avoid lying down after eating

Avoid tight clothing

Weight control

24
Q

Gastritis

Study These Flashcards
A

Inflammatory condition of the stomach

25
Acute Gastritis
TEMPORARY inflammation of the STOMACH linings. (Intestines are NOT affected)
26
Acute gastritis: How long does it last
2-10 days
27
Acute gastritis: Etiology (Triggers)
-Irritating substances (alcohol) -Drugs (NSAIDS) -Infectious agents
28
Chronic Gastritis
Progressive disorder with chronic inflammation in the stomach
29
Chronic Gastritis: Complications
PUD Bleeding Ulcers Anemia Gastric cancers
30
Chronic Gastritis: Two main etiologies
1. Autoimmune --> attacks parietal cells 2. H. pylori infection
31
H. Pylori
Helicobacter pylori bacterium = Gram negative spiral Acidic environment
32
H. Pylori can cause?
Chronic gastritis PUD Stomach Cancer
33
How is H. Pylori transmitted
Person to person via saliva fecal matter or vomit Contaminated food and water
34
Acute or Chronic Gastritis: Clinical Manifestations
Vomiting Burning Postprandial discomfort (Symptoms right after eating) Gas Tarry stools
35
Acute Gastreoenteritis
Inflammation of stomach AND SMALL intestine
36
Acute Gastroenteritis: Etiology
-Viral infections: Norovirus and rotavirus -Bacterial infections: E coli and salmonella -Parasitic infections
37
How long does Acute Gastroenteritis last
1-3 days but may last as long as 10 days
38
Acute Gastroenteritis: clinical manifestations
Watery diarrhea: Bloody if bacterial Abdominal pain N/V Fever, malasie
39
Acute Gastroenteritis: Complications
Fluid volume deficits
40
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Ulcerative disorder of the upper GI tracts
41
Ulcers in the stomach are called
gastric ulcers
42
Ulcers in the stomach are called
Gastric ulcers
43
Ulcers in the duodenum are called
Peptic ulcer in the first part of the small intestine
44
When does PUD most commonly happen?
Stomach is exposed to acid environment and h.pylori
45
PUD: Etiology (Triggers)
H. Pylori NSAID Alcohol Smoking ASA Excess secretion of acid Fx
46
PUD: Risk factors
-NSAID use -H pylori infections -Older age -Use of corticosteroids -Use anticoags -Serious systemic disorders
47
PUD: Pathogenesis
Mucosa is damaged so the immune systems release histamine resulting in: In acid and pepsin secretion -- causes further tissue damage Vasodilation -- causing edema This can cause bleeding of the blood vessels are damaged
48
PUD: Duodenal Ulcers
Most common type Develops at any age more commonly early adulthood
49
PUD: Gastric Ulcers r/t
Age = Peak 50-70 r/t: Increased use of NSAIDS, corticosteroids, anticoagulants and more likely to have serious systemic illnesses
50
PUD: Clinical Manifestations
Sometimes none if not bleedings NV Weight loss Burning pain -- in middle of abdomen that is usually worse when the stomach is empty
51
How to tell a difference between gastric and duodenal ulcers Characteristics Location Timing
Characteristics: Burning cramping gas Locations: Epigastrium and Back Timing: Gastric = 1-2 hrs after eating Duodenal = 2-4 hrs after eating
52
PUD: Complications
HOP Hemorrhage Obstructions Perforations and peritonitis

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions