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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Final Review B1 > Flashcards

Final Review B1 Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop Diuretic

Works in loop of HENLE

Watch for:
HYPOkalemia
Ototoxicity

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2
Q

Spironolactone

A

PSD

Blocks action of aldosterone = potassium retention

HYPERkalemia

Deepen voice - Gynecomastia - Hirustism

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3
Q

Beta Blockers

A

MOA: Increase nitric oxide and block stimulation of beta-1 receptors

AF: Bradycardia

NSG: Can mask hypoglycemia
Wean when discontinuing

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4
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

MOA: Blocks ACE from converting ant 1 into ant 2

AF: Cough - First dose hypotension - ANGIOEDEMA AA’s

Given in conjunction with thiazide diuretics

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5
Q

ARBS

A

Losartan

Blocks angiotensin 2 after it is formed (Vasodilate)

Watch for angioedema

Requires use of contaception

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6
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

Statins

Liver makes more LDL so more LDL is removed from the blood

AF: Myopathy - Rhabdomyolysis

NSG: Takes two weeks to see change. Take at night and avoid alcohol

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7
Q

lispro

aspart

A

Onset: 15 min
Peak: 1 hr
Duration: 2-4hrs

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8
Q

Insulin regular (short)

A

Onsest: 30-60 min
Peak: 2-6 hrs
Duration: 3-8 hours

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9
Q

NPH (intermediate)

A

Onset: 2-4 hr
Peak: 4-10 hr
Duration: 10-20 hr

DRAW CLEAR BEFORE CLOUDY (rapid or short acting first)

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10
Q

glargine (long)

A

Onset: 70 min
Peak: None
Duration: ALL DAY

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11
Q

biguanides

A

Metformin

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12
Q

Metformin

A

Lower blood glucose by decreasing production in the liver

Onest is several days

Do not use in liver failure or kidney failure

MUST BE HELD FOR 48 HOURS POST CONTRAST USAGE

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13
Q

GLP-1 Receptor Angonists

A

duglutide
exenatide
semaglutide

Enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion and slow gastric emptying

BBW: Risk of thyroid c-cell tumors. Contraindicated for people who have a history of thyroid problems

Do not use if history of pancreatitis or ESRD

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14
Q

Hypoglycemia Antidote

A

Glucagon: Activate hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulates glycogenolysis and release of glucose

Has short duration of action: May need multiple doses. Check finger stick 15 min post administation

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15
Q

AD drugs

A

Donepezil

Memantine

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16
Q

CNS pain drugs (anti-convulsants)

A

gabapentin - Pregabalin (suppress neuron firing)

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17
Q

List of the NSAIDS

A

Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Aspirin
ketorolac
celecoxib

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18
Q

Ibuprofen and Naproxen

A

Non selective cox inhibitor (anti-prostaglandin)

BBW: Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Risk

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19
Q

aspirin

A

Can cause chronic tinnitus

Never give to children: Especially with viral infection

REYES syndrome

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20
Q

acetaminophen

A

4 grams/24 hour rule

Hepatotoxic (necrosis)

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21
Q

IV tylenol

A

Ofirmev

Given time of incision or pre-opp

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22
Q

Number pain medication used of med surg floors

A

oxycodone

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23
Q

Opioid antidote

A

Naloxone

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24
Q

AED’s (All)

A

Anti-Epileptic Drugs
1. Increase the threshold
2. Limit the spread
3. Decrease the speed

Teratogenic

BBW: Increase risk of suicidal ideation, increase or worsening depression

Never abruptly stop

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25
phenytoin
AED Tonic-Clonic Seizures and partial focal seizures Gingival Hyperplasia Hirsutism Osteoporosis Hypertrophy of subcutanous facial tissue
26
orlistat
Binding to gastric and pancreatic enzymes and BLOCKS them. Reduces fat absorption For obesity and weight loss Oily spotting, flatulence, and fecal incontinence Must take for 3 MONTHS to start seeing effect BBW: LIver injury
27
Drug for hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis
Sodium bicarbonate
27
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Kayexalate: Binds to potassium in the digestive tract
28
Drug for Emergen Hyperkalemia
D50/Insulin Give 1 unit of regular insulin and 1 ampule of D50 Check sugar 5 min after
29
Azoles
Interrupt the integrity of the cell wall by interfering with synthesis of ergosterol SEVER GI AND LIVER TOXICITY Take with food to minimize SE. Separate at least 2 hours from antacids and drugs that decrease stomach acid
30
Drug for cancer and leukopenia
Filgrastim (Increases all) (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) Watch fo bone pain and leukocytosis
31
Drug that just increases the neutrophils
Pegfilgrastim
32
Heparin
Prevent clotting by activating antithrombin --> indirectly inactivate thrombin and factors xa Used for prompt emergencies Monitor platelet count and stop if below 100,000 HIGH RISK: Double check with RN Before Drawing ANTI-XA and PTT lab stop IV for 15 min and flush with 2-3 syringes
33
Heparin antidote
Protamine sulfate
34
Enoxaparin
LMWH Prophylaxis Can cause HIT. Do not give with any other anticoags. Can give with warfarin to treat PE or DVT BBW: Spinal hematoma if patient has epidural catheter
35
Warfarin
Vitamin K inhibitor (VII-IX-X-II) Muscle pain and purple toes Antidote: Vitamine K (IV) Hold before surgeries Monitor PT/INR
36
Apixaban and Rivaroxaban antidote
Andexxa
37
In an acute cardiac event you should
Chew a baby asprining (white not orange)
38
Aspirin Antidote
DDAVP
39
SSRI's
fluoxetine Inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake at nerve endings. Weight gain-NVD-Sexual dysfunction Suicidal Risk Serotonin syndrome: 2-72 hours after treatment and altered mental status. Withdrawal Syndrome: Dizziness H/A tremors anxiety and dysphoria
40
SRNI
Venlafazine
41
TCA
amitriptyline Anticholinergic effects FATAL overdoses Interact with MAOI --> HTN crisis
42
phenelzine
MAO Depression HYPERTENSIVE crisis Tyramine rich foods: Age, smoked, yest, wine)
43
Drug that rapidly helps with suicide and depression
Ketamine
44
Benzodiazepines
Lam and Pams Enhance GABA in the CNS (Relaxation) CNS depression - Decrease LOC - Withdrawal effects Schedule 4 medication DO NOT MIX WITH OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS
45
Benzo antidote
flumazenil
46
When is the RAAS system activated
With blood loos or drop in BP
47
HTN Urgency
Above 180 or above 120 with no symptoms
48
HTN Emergency
Above 180 or above 120 with symptoms
49
Primary HTN
No Known Cause RF: Smoking Sodium Sedentary Lifestyle Hyperlipidemia Stress ETC
50
Secondary HTN
Known cause Renal disorder Adrenocortical tumors Adrenomedullary Tumors
51
Diurestics
Increase Urinary output Decrease circulating volume Decrease arterial resistance
52
Atherosclerosis
Elevated LDL (bad) and cholesterol Thickening or hardening of the arterial wall Starts with injury to the artery or vessel wall
53
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: MOA
Inhibiting reductase Less cholesterol is produced by the liver Liver makes more LDL receptors More LDL is removed from the blood
54
Pancreas Alpha cells
Secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose
55
Pancreas Beta cells
Produce insulin, which lowers glucose levels by stimulating the movement of glucose into the body tissue
56
Type 1 Diabetes
Born with the disease and is autoimmune COMPLETE lack of ENDOGENOUS INSULIN
57
Type 2
Genetic and environment aspect usually responsible INSULIN RESISTANCE (some decrease insulin secretion)
58
Diabetic Microvascular Disease
Diabetic Neuropathy Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Nephropathy
59
Metbolic Syndrome
Must have 3 risk factors Waist: >40m / >35f Triglycerides: > 150 or treatment HDL: <40 m / <50 f or treatment BP >130 or >85 or treatment FBG >110 or treatment
60
Treatment of Delirium
Identify cause and remove causative agents; Modify risk factors DELIRIUM CAN BE PREVENTED
61
A delta fibers
Small and myelinated well-localized and rapid transmission of pain
62
C fibers
Small and unmyelinated Poorly localized
63
What fibers are we stimulating in the gate control theory of pain
A-alpha A-beta
64
Steroid Side Effects
Increased IOP Fluid retention High blood pressure Mood swings Weight gain and fat deposits central Clouded eye lens High blood sugar Increased risk of infection Thinning bones ETC
65
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
IgE Immediate reaction due to pet dander, bee sting, nuts, shellfish (Typically allergic reaction)
66
Type II hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic Reaction (Wrong blood type) IgG and IgM Immune complexes cell surface
67
Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune complex reaction (RA) Antigen-antibody complexes form and deposit into tissues IgM Immune complexes deposit into tissue
68
Type IV hypersensitivity
Delayed Hypersensitivity Poison Ivy Postive TB skin test Jellyfish Allergic reaction to jewelry

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (62 decks)

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