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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Exam 1a. Antibiotics > Flashcards

Exam 1a. Antibiotics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin

amikacin

tobramycin

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2
Q

aminoglycosides: MOA

A

-Binds to the bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis. (prevents bacteria from creating new bacteria)

-Always give beta lactamase drugs first so the antibiotic can get into the bacterial cell

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3
Q

aminoglycosides: Adverse Reactions

A

-Neprhotoxity 5-25% (reversible)

-Ototoxicity – 3-14% (permanent)

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4
Q

aminoglycosides: NSG considerations

A

-Therapeutic drug monitoring peak/trough levels

-Transitioned from a 3xday dosing to 1x/day dosing

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5
Q

gentamycin: adverse reactions

A

-Neuromuscular blockade –> be careful, can cause PROFOUND respiratory distress (myasthenia gravis)

-Cochlear damage – Ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss, high-pitched tinnitus

-CNS: Confusing, depression, disorientation, numbness, and tingling

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6
Q

Lincoasamide

A

clindamycin

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7
Q

clindamycin: MOA

A

-Binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis –> stop bacteria from reproducing

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8
Q

clindamycin: Indications

A

-Chronic bone infections

-Endocarditis Prophylaxis

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9
Q

clindamycin: Adverse Reaction

A

-Deadly pseudomembranous colitis

(Do not give to patient with or a history with C.diff)

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10
Q

clindamycin: NSG consideration

A

-All enterobacteria are resistant to clindamycin

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11
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

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12
Q

Macrolides: MOA

A

-Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

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13
Q

Macrolides: Indications

A

-Upper and Lower Respiratory

-Legionaries, listeria, mycoplasma pneumonia

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14
Q

Macrolides: Adverse Reaction

A

-YUCK drugs – GI side effects profile intense (erythromycin esp.)

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15
Q

Macrolides: info

A

-Bacteriostatic in general but can kill in high enough concentrations

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16
Q

erythromycin: Adverse Reaction

A

-GI side effects

-Increase gastric motility and empyting

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17
Q

erythromycin: NSG consideration

A

-Hypomotility benefits for diabetic gastroparesis and increase gastric motility and emptying

-Do not take on empty stomach

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18
Q

azithromycin

A

Z-pack

Less gi upset

Very good tissue penetration and long duration of action (2 in beg then 1 per day)

Take on empty stomach (food decreases absorption)

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19
Q

General Tetracylines

A

tetracyline

doxycycline

mincycline

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20
Q

Tetracyclines: MOA

A

-Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

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21
Q

Tetracyclines: Indications

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A

Rickettsia (RMSF)
Chlamydia / Trichomonas
Lyme disease
Cholera
Acne

22
Q

Tetracyclines: Adverse Reaction

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A

-Discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in fetuses and children

-Thombocytopenia

-Photosensitivity

23
Q

Tetracyclines: NSG consideration

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A

Contraindications: Pregnant and nursing women, Children younger than 8 (teeth problem)

-Wear sunscreen

24
Q

tetracycline: Adverse Reaction

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A

-Damage to teeth in those <8 years old

-N/V/D, headache, photosensitivity, dizziness

-Rare: Anaphylaxis and Angioedema

25
tetracycline: NSG consideration
-Bacteriostatic -Not available parenterally (Fasting 75% absorbed) (Giving more decreases % absorption) -Concentrates in teeth -Give fasting
26
doxycyline
-Chlamydial and mycoplasma infection -STI prophylaxis -Acne and Skin infections
27
minicyline
-Neisseria meningitides -Rheumatoid arthritis -Extended release formula for acne
28
General Fluoroquinolones: MOA
-Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA --> Interfere with bacterial enzymes
29
ciprofloxacin: Indication
-UTI -STI -Anthrax
30
ciprofloxacin: Adverse Effects
-Arthropathy (joint disease) Irreversible -Don’t give it to patients with bone pain -Avoid patients under 18 and over 60 because of arthropathy
31
ciprofloxacin: NSG consideration
-Works well on rapid and slow growing organisms -Bacillus anthracis -Prolonged antibiotic effects (concentrated in the neutrophils)
32
levofloxacin: Indications
-Pneumococcal and atypical respiratory infections
33
levofloxacin: Adverse Reactions
-CNS disorders that predispose to seizure -Prolongation of QT interval
34
levofloxacin: NSG consideration
100% bioavailable and once per day dosing (most widely used)
35
Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim
sulfonaminde Bactrim
36
Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim MOA
-Don’t destroy bacteria but inhibit their growth = bacteriostatic by preventing the synthesis of folic acid needed for DNA synthesis
37
Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Indications
-Uncomplicated UTI’s, -Salmonella -Shigellosis
38
Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim NSG considerations
-Can’t give to patients with a SULFA Allergy -Photosensitivity
39
metronidazole: indications
Flagyl Inhibits DNA synthesis Chrons and C-diff
40
aminoglycoside: Indications
Harder to treat bacterial infections Hospital acquired Recurrent
41
erythromycin: indications
Topical and ophthalmic Good for pink eye
42
metronidazole: NSG consideration
DO NOT TAKE WITH ALC. Toxic metabolite Antiprotozoal and anitbacterial
43
metronidazole: Adverse Reactions
Xerostomia Vaginal Candidasis
44
Antibiotic for Leginaries, listeria, mycoplasma pna
Macrolides
45
All E-bacteria are resistant to
clindamycin
46
give aminoglycosides with
vancomycin beta lactamase inhibitors
47
Macrolides are know as the
YUK drugs
48
What drug cause thrombocytopenia
Vancomycin Aclyvior Tetracycline
49
what drug treats anthrax
ciprofloxacin
50
what drug is 100% bioavailable orally
levofloxacin
51
what drug has prolonged post antibiotic effect
ciprofloxacin. Concentrates in the neutrophils

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (62 decks)

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