URI (Exam 1b.)

Question 1

Sputum

Answer 1

Normal Mucus secreted by respiratory tract

Traps particles that enter the bronchioles

Question 2

Cilia

Answer 2

Helps move mucus and captured particles out

Question 3

Two Major Types of Bronchitis

Answer 3

Simple (acute) bronchitis

Chronis Bronchitis

Question 4

Simple (acute) bronchitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles

Bacterial or Viral(80%)

NO airflow obstruction

Usually mild and self limited requires only supportive care

Prognosis 3-4 weeks

Question 5

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 5

Bronchitis for 3 months out of the year for at least 2 years

Ciagerttes

Airflow obstruction = form of COPD

Question 6

Acute Bronchitis: Clinical Symptoms

Answer 6

-Begins common cold

-Sore throat (pharyngeal erythema)

Nasal discharge (rhinorrhea)

Muscle aches

PERSISTENT COUGH (up to 3 weeks)

Wheezing

Enlarged lymph nose

Question 7

Acute Bronchitis: Diagnosis

Answer 7

Based mostly on symptoms and phsycial assessment

CBC to distinguish bacterial from viral infection

Question 8

Acute Bronchitis: Treatment

Answer 8

Broad spectrum antibiotics for bacterial infection

Expectorants

Cough Suppressants

Question 9

Influenza

Answer 9

Viral (Typs A-B-C)

Can mutate

Vaccine (does not prevent infection risk) (prevents severe infections)

Question 10

Influenza: Problem

Answer 10

rapid onset

feel like crap

SECONDARY PNEUMONIA CAN BE DEADLY (concern with elderly)

Question 11

Histamines

Answer 11

Stored in mast cells (skin and soft tissue)

Stores in basophiles (Blood)

Question 12

When histamines are activated they can cause:

Answer 12

Hives and itching - skin

Dilation of blood vessels resulting in erythema and hypotension

Bronchoconstriction SOA

Affect sleep/ wake cycles

Increase the secretion of acid in the stomach

Question 13

Histamine are associated with

Answer 13

Majority of allergic reactions

Question 14

Histamines: Allergic Rhinitis

Answer 14

Inflammation and swelling of mucous membrane of nose

Sneezing-Rhinorrhea-Pruritis-Nasal congestion-itchey eyes

Question 15

Allergic Rhinitis Triggered by

Answer 15

allergens- bind to IgE antibodies on mast cells - release inflammatory mediators

Question 16

Environmental triggers of Allergic Rhinitis

Answer 16

Dust mites
Mold
etc

Avoid contact as part of treatment

Question 17

Acute Sinusitis: Patho

Answer 17

An infection of facial sinuses and membranes of the nose

Inflammation causes the sinus cavity to become obstructed by fluid accumulation and edema allowing for bacterial growth and infection

Question 18

Acute Sinusitis: Etiology

Answer 18

May accompany an URI, nasal polyps, deviated septum or allergic reaction (rhinitis)

5-7 days Virus

Bacterial sinusitis - Up to 4 weeks

Question 19

Acute Sinusitis: Sx

Answer 19

H/A
Facial Pain
Pressure over sinus area

Nasal obstruction
Fatigue
Purulent nasal discharge
Ear pain
Dental pain
Cough
Sore throat

Question 20

Acute Sinusitis: Tx

Answer 20

Antibiotics (longer than week)

Decongestants
Antihistamines

Decrease mucous in areas

Question 21

Sinusitis: Problems

Answer 21

Difficult treat with antibiotics (hard to get into sinus) (7 or more day treatment)

Decongestants

Question 22

Sinusitis: More concerning

Answer 22

Because sinuses is close to the face

Question 23

Pharyngitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of Palate - Tonsils - Uvula

pharyngitis = back of throat

Question 24

Pharyngitis: Test

Answer 24

Cultures and rapid strep test

Question 25

Pharyngitis and Tonsilitis

Answer 25

Bacterial Pharyngitis (typically has white spots on back of throat and tonsils) Tonsillitis (swollen tonsils almost touching each other) (can have white spots)

Question 26

Laryngitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of the vocal cord

Question 27

Croup

Answer 27

Laryngotracheobronchitis Barking Coughing More common in peds

Question 28

Epiglottis

Answer 28

Only URI that is immediately going to be concerning More common children (Fever pain and hard to swallow) (This is rapid)

Question 29

Epiglottitis: Clinical Diagnosis

Answer 29

Inspiratory stridor and retractions rapid onset of fever and pain difficulting swallowing DROOLING (absence of barking cough differentiates from croup)

Question 30

Why is Epiglottis so concerning

Answer 30

Swelling can block windpipe and become fatal

Question 31

Epiglottis Vs Croup

Answer 31

Bothing have drooling and difficulty managing saliva and the mouth. Epiglottis does not have the barking cough

Question 32

Bronchospasm

Answer 32

Associated with sudden constrict of broncho muscle causing it difficult to breath Not common SOB and wheezing (suddenly) Trigger by family history of asthma and URI

Question 33

Anesthesia + URI =

Answer 33

High risk for bronchospasm

Question 34

Epiglottis: Symptoms

Answer 34

-Severe sore throat that comes on suddenly -Fever -Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing -Drooling and difficulty managing saliva in the mouth