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Y2 Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the radius and ulna during supination and pronation

A

Radius move over ulna during pronation

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2
Q

What are the 3 factors that stabilise the joints

A

Congruency - how well the joint fits in the articulating bone
Muscle tone
ligaments

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3
Q

Name A-H

A

A- trapezius
B- latissimus dorsi
C- levator scapulae
D- rhomboid minor
E- deltoid
F- Infraspinatus
G- Teres major
H- rhomboid major

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4
Q

Flexion of the shoulder is performed by

A

pectoralis major
anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii weakly assists

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5
Q

Adduction of the shoulder is performed by

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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6
Q

Extension of the shoulder is performed by

A

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Posterior deltoid

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7
Q

Abduction of the shoulder is performed by

A

Deltoid muscle
Supraspinatus

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8
Q

What needs to occur for the full abduction of the shoulder

A

the scapula must rotate so that the glenoid fossa faces more superiorly
This prevents greater tubercle of the humerus from impinging on the acromion

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9
Q

What needs to occur for the full adduction of the shoulder

A

The scapula must rotate so that the glenoid fossa faces more inferiorly

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10
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

Function of latissimus dorsi

A

Extension of the shoulder
Adduction of the shoulder

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12
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major and minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

Function of rhomboid major and minor

A

Retract the scapula

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14
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

CN XI - Accessory nerve

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15
Q

Function of the trapezius

A

elevate the scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm (to abduct the arm fully, scapula needs to rotate)
Retract the scapula
Pull the scapula inferiorly

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16
Q

Name A-F

A

A- deltoid muscle
B- Teres major
C- serratus anterior
D- latissimus dorsi
E- pectoralis minor
F- Pectoralis major

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17
Q

Innervation of deltoid muscle

A

Axillary nerve

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18
Q

Function of deltoid muscle

A

Abduction 15-90 degrees (0-15 is by suprasinatus)
Flexion and extension of the shoulder

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19
Q

Which muscle fibres of the deltoid is for abduction of the shoulder

A

Middle fibres

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20
Q

Which muscle fibres of the deltoid is for flexion and extension of the shoulder

A

Flexion - anterior
Extension - posterior

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21
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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22
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major and minor

A

Major - medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Minor - medial pectoral nerve

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23
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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24
Q

Name A-J

A
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25
Name A-D
26
Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert onto
All insert onto greater tuberosity of the humerus EXCEPT subscapularis Subscapularis - lesser tuberosity of humerus
27
Function of supraspinatus
Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa Initiation of Abduction
28
Innervation of supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
29
Which muscle fibres of the deltoid is for flexion and extension of the shoulder
Flexion - anterior Extension - posterior
30
Function of infraspinatus
Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa Lateral rotation of the arm
31
Innervation of infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
32
Function of teres minor
Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa Lateral rotation of the arm
33
Innervation of teres minor
Axillary nerve
34
Function of subscapularis
Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa Medial rotation of the arm
35
Innervation of subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
36
Impingement syndrome most commonly affects ______ and causes ______
Most commonly affects supraspinatus Causes painful arc between 60-120 degrees
37
Name the bursa of the shoulder
Subscapular bursa Subacromial bursa Subcoracoid bursa Subdeltoid bursa
38
Name A-M
39
Which bursa is the most commonly inflamed
Subacromial bursa
40
What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint
Glenohumeral ligament Coracohumeral ligament Coracoacromial ligament Transverse humeral ligament
41
Name A-C
42
What injuries may damage the axillary nerve
anterior shoulder dislocation Humeral neck fracture
43
What occurs if axillary nerve is damaged
Loss of sensation over regimental badge area Weakness in abduction of the shoulder
44
Borders of the axilla region
Anterior - pectorals major and minor Posterior - Subscapularis Medial - serratus anterior Lateral- intertubecular sulcus
45
What are the contents of the axilla region
Brachial plexus Axillary vein Axillary artery Lymph nodes
46
Name A-M
47
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis
48
Origin of the biceps brachii muscle
Short head - from coracoid process long head - from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
49
Insertion of the biceps brachii muscle
Radial tuberosity via biceps tendon
50
Which head of biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular groove of humerus
Long head of biceps
51
Biceps tendonitis affects which head of biceps
Long head of biceps - due to its movement in the intertubercular groove
52
Function of the anterior muscles of the upper arm
Flexion of arm and forearm Biceps brachii supinates forearm
53
Innervation of anterior muscles of the upper arm
Musculocutaneous nerve
54
Name A-F
A- subdeltoid bursa B- long head of biceps brachii C- Coracobrachialis D- Biceps brachii E- brachialis F- Biceps tendon
55
The intertubercular groove is an attachment site for
Long head of biceps (runs along the groove) Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major
56
Name A-C
57
Origin of coracobrachialis
coracoid process of the scapula
58
Origin of brachialis
Mid shaft of humerus
59
Muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm
Triceps brachii - lateral, medial, long head
60
Function of posterior muscle of the arm
Extension of arm and forearm
61
Innervation of the posterior muscle of the arm
Radial nerve
62
Name A-I
A- supraspinatus B- Teres minor C- teres major D- Long head of triceps brachii E- posterior cutaneous nerve F- Infraspinatus G- lateral head of triceps brachii H- Medial head of triceps brachii I- brachioradialis
63
Name A-H
64
The right subclavian artery is a continuation of The left subclavian artery is a continuation of
Right - brachiocephalic trunk Left - directly from aortic arch
65
Name A-E
66
Name A-G
A- axillary artery B- deltoid muscle C- pectoralis minor (cut) D- musculocutaneous nerve E- Brachial artery F- Ulnar nerve G- median nerve
67
Describe the location of the axillary artery
In the axilla region, behind the pectoralis minor muscle within the axillary sheath Axillary sheath surrounds the 3 nerves of brachial plexus and axillary artery
68
What are the arteries that supply the humeral head
Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries - branches of the axillary artery
69
Name A-H
70
Which nerve of the brachial plexus is behind the axillary artery
Axillary nerve
71
Where does brachial artery start from
Lower border of teres major
72
1st branch of brachial artery
Deep brachial artery - immediately distal to teres major
73
Function of deep brachial artery
travels with the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus and supplies structures in the posterior aspect of the upper arm
74
Where does the brachial artery bifurcate into radial and ulnar arteries
At the cubital fossa
75
Name A-C
76
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm
pronator teres flexor carpi radials flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus
77
Name A-E
A- pronator teres B- flexor carpi radialis C- palmaris longus D- flexor carpi ulnaris E- flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate layer)
78
Where do the anterior superficial forearm muscles all originate from
Medial epicondyle of humerus via a common flexor origin
79
What happens when the common flexor origin is damaged due to repetitive strain
Medial epicondylitis - Golfer's elbow
80
Where does flexor carpi radialis attach to
base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
81
Where does flexor carpi ulnaris attach to
pisiform carpal bone
82
Function of the anterior superficial forearm muscles
Flexion of the wrist Abduction (FCR) and Adduction (FCU) Pronation - pronator teres
83
What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
84
Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach to
base of middle phalanges of the 4 fingers
85
Function of flexor digitorum superficialis
flexion of the 4 digits except thumb at PIP and MCP joint Flexion of the wrist
86
What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
87
Where does flexor digitorum profundus attach to
Base of distal phalanges of the 4 fingers
88
Function of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexion of the DIP of the 4 fingers Flexion of the wrist
89
Where does flexor pollicis longus attach to
base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
90
Function of flexor pollicis longus
Flexion of the 1st phalanx at all joints
91
Function of pronator quadratus
pronates the forearm
92
Name A-M
93
Innervation of the anterior muscles of the forearm
All median nerve except flexor carpi Ulnaris and MEDIAL half of flexor digitorum profUndUs
94
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Ulnar nerve
95
What is the special sign if median nerve is damaged at the elbow or wrist
Hand of benediction sign - unable to flex the lateral 3 fingers
96
What injury can damage the ulnar nerve at the wrist
Fracture of the hamate
96
What is the special sign of ulnar nerve is damaged at the wrist
Claw hand
97
Name A-E
A- median nerve B- Brachial artery C- Radial artery D- Ulnar artery E- Ulnar nerve
98
Name A-H
99
Function of serratus anterior
Holds the scapula against the ribcage. Retracts the scapula to allow the arms to go above 90 degrees

Y2 Anatomy (10 decks)

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