Urban Futures 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is suburbanisation?
Suburbanisation is the movement of people from city centres to the outskirts.
It is often driven by push and pull factors.
What are some push factors for suburbanisation?
1) Urban areas can be overcrowded, polluted, and have high crime rates.
2) Governments may clear low-quality housing in city centres, relocating residents to new houses outside the city.
3) Deindustrialisation leads to job losses in city centres, prompting people to seek employment elsewhere.
4) Increased unemployment can result in fewer local services in the city centre.
What are some economic consequences of suburbanisation?
1) Fewer people living in inner city areas can lead to deserted office spaces after work hours.
2) Business departures can increase unemployment, lowering living standards.
What are some social pull factors for suburbanisation?
1) Suburban areas offer lower population density, more open spaces, and a perception of safety.
2) Planning laws may be more relaxed outside city centres, facilitating housing development.
3) Improvements in public transport and increasing car ownership allow commuting from suburbs to cities.
4) Cheaper rents on the outskirts attract businesses, creating jobs and services.
What are some environmental consequences of suburbanisation?
1) New housing estates can be built on open countryside, affecting wildlife habitats.
2) Urban spread can increase surface run-off and flood risks.
3) Increased car ownership leads to congestion and air pollution.
What is a social consequence of suburbanisation related to demographics?
Wealthier middle-class individuals may move to the suburbs, leaving poorer populations, often immigrants, in the city centre, which can lead to economic and ethnic segregation.
What is counter-urbanisation?
Counter-urbanisation is the movement of people away from large urban areas to smaller settlements and rural areas.
What are some push factors for counter-urbanisation?
1) Problems with traffic congestion and parking in suburbs and city centres.
2) High housing costs in urban areas lead people to seek cheaper options further from the city.
What are some pull factors for counter-urbanisation?
1) Bigger houses with more outside space in smaller settlements and rural areas.
2) Improved communication services make it easier to live in rural areas and work from home.
What are some consequences of counter-urbanisation on urban areas?
1) Similar impacts to suburbanisation.
2) Increased demand for housing can lead to rising prices.
What are some consequences of counter-urbanisation on rural areas?
1) Improved existing houses and potential unattractive new housing can affect rural character.
2) Creation of commuter settlements may lead to closure of local shops and services.
How does counter-urbanisation affect rural infrastructure?
Rural roads and infrastructure may struggle with increased traffic from new residents commuting to urban jobs.
What economic impacts can counter-urbanisation have on rural areas?
1) Increase in business for some services due to wealthier new residents.
2) Closure of rural shops as wealthier residents prefer urban services.
What environmental impacts can counter-urbanisation have?
1) Increased air pollution and congestion from more cars.
2) New housing estates built on open countryside can affect wildlife habitats.
What is Re-Urbanisation?
Re-urbanisation is the movement of people back into urban areas.
What are some push factors for Re-Urbanisation?
1) Lack of jobs in rural or suburban areas. 2) Fewer leisure or entertainment facilities in rural areas. 3) High house prices in rural areas due to counter-urbanisation. 4) Young, single people want to live close to work and entertainment.
What are some pull factors for Re-Urbanisation?
1) New shops and services open as people move back into the city, boosting the economy. 2) Increased tourism due to improved city centres brings money for further improvements.
What are the social consequences of Re-Urbanisation?
1) Redeveloping brownfield sites protects countryside wildlife habitats. 2) Young people move to urban areas for education and may stay.
What are the economic consequences of Re-Urbanisation?
1) Jobs are created as shops and businesses return, reducing unemployment. 2) Local schools may benefit from increased student numbers, but wealthier newcomers may choose private schools.
What are the environmental consequences of Re-Urbanisation?
1) Redeveloping brownfield sites instead of greenfield sites protects wildlife habitats. 2) Long-derelict brownfield sites may destroy urban wildlife habitats when redeveloped.
What tensions may arise from Re-Urbanisation?
1) Original residents may struggle to afford housing as prices increase. 2) Tension may develop between original and new residents, potentially leading to crime or violence.
What changes may occur in local shops and services due to Re-Urbanisation?
Shops catering to wealthier residents may replace those targeting original residents, such as grocery stores and launderettes.
