URINALYSIS

Question 1

Provides a simple, rapid means for performing routine chemical tests on urine

Answer 1

Reagent strips

Question 2

Quality Control of Reagent strips

Answer 2

Running positive and negative control every 24 hours (ideal: every shift)

Question 3

What are the parameters in reagent strips?

Answer 3

Bilirubin
Glucose
Ketones
Specific Gravity
pH
Protein
Blood
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte Esterase

Question 4

Principle of Bilirubin

Answer 4

Diazo Reaction

Question 5

Principle of Glucose

Answer 5

Double Sequential Enzymatic Reaction

Question 6

Principle of Ketones

Answer 6

Sodium Nitroprusside Reaction

Question 7

Principle of Specific Gravity

Answer 7

(pKa) Dissociation constant change of a polyelectrolyte

Question 8

Principle of pH

Answer 8

Double Indicator System

Question 9

Principle of Protein

Answer 9

Protein Error of Indicator

Question 10

Principle of Blood

Answer 10

Pseudoperoxidase activity of Hemoglobin

Question 11

Principle of Urobilinogen

Answer 11

Ehrlich’s Reaction

Question 12

Principle of Nitrite

Answer 12

Greiss Reaction

Question 13

Principle of Leukocyte Esterase

Answer 13

Leukocyte Esterase

Question 14

Bilirubin False Positive Interferences

Answer 14

Highly pigmented urine
Phenazopyridine
Indicant
Metabolites of iodine

Question 15

Bilirubin False Negative Interferences

Answer 15

Exposure to light
High concentration of nitrite
High concentration of ascorbic acid

Question 16

Glucose False Positive Interferences

Answer 16

Oxidizing Agents
Detergents

Question 17

Glucose False Negative Interferences

Answer 17

High levels of ascorbic acid
ketones
High SG

Question 18

Ketones False Positive Interferences

Answer 18

Highly pigmented red urine
Pthalein dyes
Medications with sulfhydryl groups
Levodopa

Question 19

Ketones False Negative Interferences

Answer 19

Improperly preserved specimens

Question 20

Specific Gravity False Positive Interferences

Answer 20

High concentration of protein

Question 21

Specific Gravity False Negative Interferences

Answer 21

Highly alkaline urine

Question 22

Protein False Positive Interferences

Answer 22

Highly pigmented specimen
Phenazopyridine
Antiseptics
Chlorhexidine
High SG

Question 23

Protein False Negative Interferences

Answer 23

Presence of proteins other than albumin

Question 24

Blood False Positive Interferences

Answer 24

Oxidizing agent
Bacterial peroxidases
Menstrual Contamination

Question 25

Blood False Negative Interferences

Answer 25

High SG Formalin High concentration of nitrite High concentration of ascorbic acid

Question 26

Urobilinogen False Positive Interferences

Answer 26

Ehrlich reactive compounds; porphobilinogen indicant sulfonamides methyldopa

Question 27

Urobilinogen False Negative Interferences

Answer 27

Old specimen Preservation with formalin High concentration of nitrite

Question 28

Nitrite False Positive Interferences

Answer 28

Oxidizing agent Formalin Nitrofurantoin

Question 29

Nitrite False Negative Interferences

Answer 29

High concentration of ascorbic acid Presence of antibiotic High SG

Question 30

Leukocyte Esterase False Positive Interferences

Answer 30

Oxidizing agents Formalin Nitrofurantoin

Question 31

Leukocyte Esterase False Negative Interferences

Answer 31

High concentration of ; protein ascorbic acid glucose oxalic acid gentamicin