Urinary Probs

Question 1

normal temp, hr and rr in horses

Answer 1

37.2-38.5
28-40
10-14

Question 2

HORSE is semi stressed or in pain when HR is

Answer 2

> 40bpm

Question 3

good measure of glomerular filtration rate

Answer 3

crea

Question 4

can gauge kidney condition but not as reliable

Answer 4

BUN

Question 5

when there is racing there is spike in

Answer 5

BUN

Question 6

formula of crea clearance

Answer 6

urine vol x urine crea / time x serum crea x BW

Question 7

normal crea clearance in equids

Answer 7

1.38 - 1.87 ml/min/kg

Question 8

Better measure for kidney fxn

Answer 8

crea clearance

Question 9

normal urine characteristics

Answer 9

semi viscous, opaque, yellow to brown

Question 10

water intake of horses is ___% of BW

Answer 10

4-6

Question 11

normal water intake of horses _L/_kg BW

Answer 11

5L/100kg

Question 12

horses with urinary tract dz present with __ and ___

Answer 12

weight loss and abnormal urination

Question 13

Telltale sign of issues with urinary system

Answer 13

scalding or staining with pus

Question 14

Most common and most important sign to be noted

Answer 14

PUPD

Question 15

sign telling general pain

Answer 15

pawing or colic

Question 16

incr. in urine pdtn

Answer 16

polyuria

Question 17

inc urine freq

Answer 17

pollakiuria

Question 18

associated dz in polyuria

Answer 18

renal dz, diabetes, pituitary adenoma

Question 19

associated dz in pollakiuria

Answer 19

estrus, cystitis, calculi

Question 20

Shrinkage of kidneys, surface irregularity, irregular shape

Answer 20

CRF

Question 21

Loc of right kidney

Answer 21

15th to 17th ICS dorsal and superficial
near tuber coxae

Question 22

location of left kidney

Answer 22

15th to 17th ICS deep to spleen

Question 23

until what area is the abdomen shaved

Answer 23

lateroventral side

Question 24

method of catching urine

Answer 24

free catch

Question 25

most common urinary concern reported

Answer 25

PUPD

Question 26

what kidney: in situ near the base of spleen

Answer 26

left kidney

Question 27

what kidney: near base of cecum

Answer 27

right

Question 28

signs of AKD

Answer 28

Spike in kidney values Severe impairment of filtration Quick lethargy - acute occurrence Nephrotoxic substances Anorexia, depressed Failure to produce urine Complete anuria may happen Proteinuria ++, low SG, hematuria (if traumatic cause or if with severe blockage) Creatinine - can spike crazily/ too high (mas mataas compared CKD)

Question 29

signs of CKD

Answer 29

Generally rare (or rarely reported) Long term mismanagement Weight loss (more gradual) Edema; hypoNA, hypoCL Edema: di na tama ang fluid balance and toxin filtration → inefficient body processes PUPD: chronic case, marked Crea: can significantly elevate in both conditions

Question 30

AKD OR CKD: azotemia

Answer 30

AKD

Question 31

causes of akd

Answer 31

Nephrotoxic substances Obstructive Crystals Stones If kidney is hit/kicked by other horses Hemodynamic (rare) Blood pressure problem or hypovolemia, thrombosis (rarer) NSAIDs, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, oral antifungals, hemoglobi-/myoglobi-nuria Common: NSAID excess/overdose NSAID commonly used in horses e.g., fractures, pain, etc. Not monitored steroid use Sulfonamides: improper dosage, prolonged use Aminoglycosides: most risky when used orally in horses – can cause acute kidney disease

Question 32

AKD/CKD: decreased GFR

Answer 32

ckd

Question 33

AKD/CKD: anorexia,wastin, peripheral edema

Answer 33

CKD

Question 34

key in tx

Answer 34

Kidney flushed of toxins, poor diet? Fix Electrolyte imbalance Hydrate

Question 35

most common strains of lepto in pH

Answer 35

Pomona & and icterohaemorrhagiae, hardjo (serovars)

Question 36

lepto abortion experienced on what part of gestation

Answer 36

mid to late term

Question 37

tell-tale sign na lepto

Answer 37

uveitis - moon blindess

Question 38

Suspect lepto if with the ff symptoms:

Answer 38

jaundiced gums, uveitis, fever, high RR

Question 39

tx drug contraindicated for lepto since matapang

Answer 39

enrofloxacin

Question 40

Cases of abscessation can be observed in injection sites of this drug

Answer 40

enroflox

Question 41

very important because this is how you prevent lepto repeatedly

Answer 41

stable cleanining