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Anatomy And Physiology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The kidneys are situated against the ________ in a retroperitoneal position behind the parietal

A

dorsal body wall

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2
Q

The kidneys are situated at the level of the ___ to ___ vertebraeFibrous capsule

A

T12 to L3

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3
Q

The right kidney is slightly ___ than the left (because of position of the liver)

A

lower

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4
Q

An adult kidney is about __cm (5 in) long and __ cm (2.5 in) wide (safeguar bar)

A

12, 6

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5
Q

3 protective layers enclose the kidney

A

Fibrous capsule
Penirenal fat capsule
Renal fascia

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6
Q

encloses each kidney
sticks directly to the kidney

A

Fibrous capsule

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7
Q

surrounds kidney & cushions against blows

A

Penirenal fat capsule

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8
Q

most superficial layer

anchors kidney & adrenal gland to surrounding structures (keep in place - lanit-lanit)

A

Renal fascia

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9
Q

outer region of the kidney

A

Renal cortex

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10
Q

deeper region of the kidney

A

Renal medulla

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11
Q

triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

A

Renal (medullary) pyramids

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12
Q

extensions of cortex like material that separate the pyramids

A

Renal columns

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13
Q

medial region - flat, funnel-shaped tube

A

Renal pelvis

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14
Q

Basic structural and functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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15
Q

Each kidney contains over a _____ nephrons

A

Million

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16
Q

Each nephron consists of two main structures, the ___ and ____.

A

Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule

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17
Q

________ of the total blood supply of the body passes through the kidneys each minute (180 liters of blood/ day)

A

One-quarter

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18
Q

______ provides each kidney with arterial blood supply

A

Renal artery

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19
Q

a knot of capillaries made of podocytes
Podocytes make up the inner (visceral) layer of the glomerular capsule

A

Glomerulus

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20
Q

cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus (gloved shaped)

First part of the renal tubule
Removes urine

A

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

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21
Q

Extends from glomerular capsule & ends when it empties in collecting duct
From the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule,

A

Renal tubule

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22
Q

subdivisions of renal tubule:

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Nephron loop (loop of Henle)
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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23
Q

end product of protein breakdown

A

Urea

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24
Q

results from nucleic acid metabolism

A

Uric acid

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25
associated with creatine metabolism in muscles
creatinine
26
In males, the _____ surrounds the neck of the urinary bladder
prostate
27
Solutes normally found in urine
Sodium and potassium ions Urea, uric acid, creatinine Ammonia Bicarbonate ions
28
Glucose-Diabetes Blood proteins-Hypertension Red blood cells-Bleeding Hemoglobin-Bleeding WBCs (pus)-UTI,STI Bile-Hepatitis
Solutes NOT normally found in urine
29
Slender tubes 25–30 cm (10–12 inches) attaching the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureters
30
______ aids gravity in urine transport
Peristalsis
31
triangular region of the urinary bladder base based on three openings
trigone
32
Release of urine is controlled by two sphincters
Internal urethral sphincter - Involuntary & made of smooth muscle External urethral sphincter- Voluntary & made of skeletal muscle
33
legnth of the ureters in male and female
In females: 3 to 4 cm (1.5 inches long) In males: 20 cm (8 inches long)
34
Different parts of Male Urethra
Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra
35
Voiding, or emptying of the urinary bladder/ urinating Two sphincters control the release of urine, the internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter
Micturition
36
is an uncommon but serious problem in which the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, and dialysis must be done to maintain chemical homeostasis of blood
renal failure
37
In 24 hours, about ___ to ___ liters of urine are produced
1.0 to 1.8
38
cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus (gloved shaped) First part of the renal tubule Removes urine
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
39
Venous blood flow
Cortical radiate veins → arcuate veins → interlobar veins → renal vein
40
Renal vein returns blood to the_________
inferior vena cava
41
Renal artery divides into
segmental arteries → interlobar arteries → arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries
42
feeling that it is necessary to void
Urgency
43
frequent voiding of small amounts of urine
Frequency
44
need to get up during the night to urinate
Nocturia
45
loss of control
Incontinence
46
common in males, often the result of hypertrophy of the prostate gland
Urinary retention
47
Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
48
Three protective layers enclose the kidney
Fibrous capsule Perirenal fat capsule Renal fascia
49
extensions of cortexlike material that separate the pyramids
Renal columns
50
triangular regions of tissue in the medulla
Renal (medullary) pyramids
51
form cup-shaped “drains” that enclose the renal pyramids
calyces
52
collect urine and send it to the renal pelvis, on to the ureter, and to the urinary bladder for storage
calyces
53
Summarize the pathway of renal blood vessels
Aorta renal artery -segmental artery -interlobar artery -arcuate artery -cortical artery -afferent arteriole -Glomerulus -efferent arteriole -peritubular arteries -cortical radiate vein -arcuate vein -interlobar vein -renal vein -inferior vena cava.
54
a knot of capillaries made of podocytes
Glomerulus
55
make up the inner (visceral) layer of the glomerular capsule
podocytes
56
is a cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
57
it is also known as the first part of the renal tubule
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
58
the three major renal processes are
Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion
59
Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through glomerular capillary walls
Glomerular filtration
60
Filtrate will be formed as long as systemic blood pressure is normal, why?
If arterial blood pressure is too low, filtrate formation stops because glomerular pressure will be too low to form filtrate
61
The peritubular capillaries reabsorb useful substances from the renal tubule cells, such as: Water Glucose Amino acids Ions
Tubular reabsorption
62
Reabsorption in reverse, some materials move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules to be eliminated in filtrate
Tubular secretion
63
In 24 hours, about ___ to ___ liters of urine are produced
1L-1.8L
64
Differentiate urine and filtrate
Filtrate contains everything that blood plasma does (except proteins) Urine is what remains after the filtrate has lost most of its water, nutrients, and necessary ions through reabsorption
65
Urine characteristics
Clear and pale to deep yellow in color Sterile in the time of formation slightly aromatic slightly acidic(ph of 6)
66
Specific gravity of urine
1.001 to 1.035
67
Solutes normally found in urine
Sodium and potassium ions Urea, uric acid, creatinine Ammonia Bicarbonate ions
68
Glucose Blood proteins Red blood cells Hemoglobin WBCs (pus) Bile
Solutes NOT normally found in urine
69
Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac situated posterior to the pubic symphysis Stores urine temporarily
Urinary bladder
70
triangular region of the urinary bladder base based on three openings
Trigone
71
In males, the _____ surrounds the neck of the urinary bladder
prostate
72
on the walls of the urinary bladder, three layers of smooth muscle collectively called the _______ muscle.
detrusor
73
A moderately full bladder is about __ inches long and holds about ____ ml of urine
5, 500
74
Thin-walled tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
Urethra
75
Release of urine is controlled by two sphincters, these are the:
Internal Urethral Sphincter External Urethral Sphincter
76
- Involuntary and made of smooth muscle
Internal urethral sphincter
77
Voluntary and made of skeletal muscle
External urethral sphincter-
78
what is the length of the urethra in males and in females?
In females: 3 to 4 cm (1.5 inches long) In males: 20 cm (8 inches long)
79
identify the location of the urethra in males and in females
Females - anterior to the vaginal opening Males - travels through the prostate and penis
80
Voiding, or emptying of the urinary bladder
Micturition
81
The kidneys begin to develop in the first few weeks of embryonic life and are excreting urine by the_____ of fetal life
third month
82
Control of the voluntary urethral sphincter does not start until age __ months
18
83
Complete nighttime control may not occur until the child is _ years old
4

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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