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Anatomy And Physiology > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism and growth and development among other things.

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

It uses chemical messengers (hormones) that are released into the blood to manage chemical processes of the body.

A

endocrine system

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3
Q

The 3 Main Functions of the Endocrine System

A
  • Makes hormones that control your moods, growth and development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction.
  • Controls how your hormones are released.
  • Sends those hormones into your bloodstream so they can travel to other body parts.
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4
Q

are organs which produces and releases hormones that perform a specific function.

A

glands

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5
Q

There are 2 types of glands in our body.

A

endocrine and exocrine glands

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6
Q

they are ductless glands and release the substances that they make (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.

A

endocrine glands

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7
Q

Examples of Endocrine Glands

A

Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenals
Parathyroids

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8
Q

They are glands with ducts. The secretions are delivered into ducts and end up on the epithelial surface.

A

Exocrine glands

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9
Q

Examples of Exocrine Glands

A

Salivary and sweat glands

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10
Q

are chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body.

A

Hormones

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11
Q

Examples of Hormones

A

Insulin
Estrogen
Progesterone
Prolactin
Testosterone

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12
Q

Classification of Hormones

A
  • Amino-acid based hormones
  • Steroids
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13
Q

are relatively small molecules derived from the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan.

A

Amino acid-based Hormones

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14
Q

Examples of amino acid-derived hormones

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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15
Q

Made from cholesterol

A

steroid hormones

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16
Q

Includes sex hormones made by Gonads and the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

steroid hormones

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17
Q

any of a group of hormones that belong to the class of chemical compounds known as steroids; they are secreted by three “steroid glands”

A

steroid hormones

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18
Q

what are the three steroid glands

A

the adrenal cortex, testes, and ovariesMajor Processes that Hormones Control

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19
Q

Major Processes that Hormones Control

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Growth and development
  3. Mobilization of body defenses
  4. Maintenance of homeostasis
  5. Regulation of metabolism (the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy.)
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20
Q

Glands

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary Gland
  3. Pineal Gland
  4. Thyroid Gland
  5. Parathyroid
  6. Thymus Gland
  7. Adrenal Gland
  8. Pancreas
  9. Gonads
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21
Q

It is responsible for maintaining your body’s internal balance, which is known as homeostasis.

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

the hypothalamus works with the _______ to control hormone production.

A

pituitary gland

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23
Q

It is a pea-sized gland that hangs by a stalk from the hypothalamus in the brain.

A

pituitary gland

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24
Q

Also called the Master Gland

A

pituitary gland

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25
Q

two functional lobes of the pituitary gland

A
  1. Anterior Pituitary Gland
  2. Posterior Pituitary gland
26
Q

primary function is to secrete and store the chemical messages known as hormones and to regulate other glands within the body’s endocrine system.

A

pituitary gland

27
Q

produces hormones that affect the breasts, adrenals, thyroid, ovaries and testes, as well as several other hormones.

A

The Anterior (or front) pituitary

28
Q

stimulates your adrenal glands.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, or corticotropin)

29
Q

stimulates
a. the testes to produce sperm
b. ovaries to produce eggs and estrogen.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

30
Q

stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

31
Q

This hormone causes pregnant women to start having contractions at the appropriate time and also promotes milk flow in nursing mothers.

A

oxytocin

32
Q

Commonly referred to as vasopressin, this hormone helps to regulate water balance in the body.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

33
Q

it is small, cone shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain.

A

Pineal Gland

34
Q

Secretes melatonin in substantial amounts. Melatonin is believed to trigger the body’s sleep/wake cycle.

A

Pineal gland

35
Q

This gland is found at the base of the throat, just inferior to the Adam’s apple.

A

Thyroid Gland

36
Q

It is a large gland consisting of two lobes joined by a central mass or isthmus

A

thyroid gland

37
Q

the thyroid produces two hormones

A

thyroid hormone and calcitonin.

38
Q

controls rate of oxidation of glucose to supply body heat and chemical energy (ATP).

A

thyroid

39
Q

decreases blood calcium levels by causing calcium deposition on bone

A

Calcitonin

40
Q

They are tiny masses on the posterior of the thyroid.

A

parathyroid

41
Q

is most important regulator of calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis of the blood.

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).

42
Q

is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.

A

thymus

43
Q

This gland sits on top of the kidneys like triangular hats. It has 2 regions;

A

Adrenal gland

44
Q

2 regions of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla

45
Q

produces hormones that are vital to life

A

adrenal cortex

46
Q

two hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

cortisol and aldosterone

47
Q

helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress

A

cortisol

48
Q

helps control blood pressure

A

aldosterone

49
Q

controls hormones that initiate the flight or fight response.

A

adrenal medulla

50
Q

the main hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla include…

A

a. Epinephrine - affects heart
b. Norepinephrine - affects blood vessels

51
Q

located close to the stomach in the abdominal cavity.

A

Pancreas

52
Q

a mixed gland, with both endocrine and exocrine functions.

A

pancreas

53
Q

the Pancreatic Islets or the Islets of Langerhans produce 2 hormones the __ and ___

A

Insulin and Glucagon.

54
Q

These hormones are antagonists that maintain blood sugar homeostasis.

A

Insulin and Glucagon.

55
Q

are your reproductive glands which produces sex hormones.

A

Gonads

56
Q

Gonads in male and female

A

testes and ovaries

57
Q

The major hormones of the ovaries are:

A

Estrogens
Progesterone

58
Q

It is a group of female sex hormones essential for reproduction and the development of the female reproductive system.

A

Estrogen

59
Q

Estrogens are responsible for :

A
  1. Maturation and Growth of the vagina and uterus,
  2. Widening of pelvis, breast
  3. Uterine changes during the menstrual cycle
  4. Increasing growth of hairs on the body.
60
Q

– These are the hormones whose function is to:

Prepare the uterus for conception,

Regulating changes in the uterus during the Menstrual cycle,

Aids in ovulation

Stimulating gland development for the production of milk during pregnancy.

A

Progesterone

61
Q

located underneath your penis.
-they’re enclosed in a pouch of skin called the scrotum.

A

testes

62
Q

are responsible and essential for:

increased growth of bone and muscle,
growth of body hair,
developing broader shoulder,
voice deepening
growth of the penis.

A

Testosterone

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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