URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards
(29 cards)
What does the urinary system consist of?
The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
The urinary system is also known as the renal system or urinary tract.
What is the primary purpose of the urinary system?
Eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, regulate blood pH.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
An infection in any part of the urinary system, most commonly involving the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra).
Who is at greater risk of developing a UTI?
Women are at greater risk than men.
What are the main physiological functions of the kidney?
Urine formation, excretion of waste products, regulation of electrolytes.
What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
Normal gut bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli).
True or False: UTIs are contagious.
False.
List some factors that can lead to urinary tract infections.
- Urinary tract abnormalities
- Pregnancy
- Aged people
- Use of urinary catheters
- Diabetes
- Birth control methods
- Urinary surgery
- Menopause
- Kidney stones
- Weakened immune system.
What are some symptoms of urinary tract infections?
- Burning sensation during urination
- Frequent urination
- Incomplete voiding
- Pain or pressure in the back or lower abdomen
- Pelvic pain
- Blood in urine
- Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine
- Tiredness
- Fever and/or chills
- Nausea and/or vomiting.
What are some preventative measures for UTIs?
- Empty the bladder when you feel the urge
- Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom
- Avoid feminine hygiene sprays
- Drink plenty of water
- Clean genitals before and after intercourse
- Urinate after intercourse.
What are complications that can arise from untreated UTIs?
- Recurrent infections
- Permanent kidney damage
- Urethral stricture
- Sepsis.
What is a kidney biopsy?
A medical procedure in which a small piece of kidney is removed for examination.
What are indications for a kidney biopsy?
- Unexplained acute renal failure
- Transplant rejection
- Persistent proteinuria
- Hematuria.
What is nephrectomy?
The surgical removal of the kidney, adrenal gland, surrounding perinephric fat, Gerota’s fascia, and lymph nodes.
What is the preferred treatment for kidney cancer?
Radical nephrectomy.
What is cystectomy?
The surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder.
What is nephrostomy?
An artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin for urinary diversion.
What are the indications for a nephrostomy?
- Blockage preventing urine from passing
- Cancer
- Pyonephrosis
- Hydronephrosis
- Kidney stones.
What is urinary diversion?
Procedures performed to divert urine from the bladder to a new exit site.
What are the two types of urinary diversion?
- Cutaneous urinary diversion
- Continent urinary diversion.
What is an ileal conduit?
A surgical procedure where the ureters are transplanted to an isolated section of the terminal ileum.
What is urethroplasty?
The repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra.
What does pyeloplasty treat?
Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction.
What are preoperative considerations for kidney biopsy?
- Fasting regimen 6 to 8 hours before
- Establish IV line
- Obtain urine specimen.
