Urology

Question 1

causes of haemospermia

Answer 1

usually benign

Question 2

symptoms of gonococcal urethritis

Answer 2

thick, purulent, profuse urethral discharge

Question 3

how many ml urine in bladder before it can be palpated

Answer 3

150

Question 4

where does the urethra sit within the penis

Answer 4

dorsum

Question 5

penis carcinoma occurs in circumcised or uncirc?

Answer 5

uncircumcised

Question 6

where do epidiymal cysts occur

Answer 6

head of epidiymis

Question 7

epididymal cycsts associated with

Answer 7

CF and PKD

Question 8

how to measure prostate size

Answer 8

transrectal USS

Question 9

what is phimosis

Answer 9

non-retractable foreskin

Question 10

causes of phimosis

Answer 10

usually congenital
post infection
circumcision scarring

Question 11

symptoms of phimosis

Answer 11

painful erection, dyspareunia

Question 12

phimosis occurs in 10% of males up to

Answer 12

age 3

Question 13

treatment of phimosis

Answer 13

steroid cream, stetching exercises.

surgery if this doesn’t work

Question 14

what is balinitis xerotica obliterans

Answer 14

male varient of lichen sclerosis
common
age 30-60

Question 15

symptoms of BXO

Answer 15

ithcy, burning, sore skin after sex, tigter foreskin

penis looks red with little cracks and bleeding

Question 16

treatment of BXO

Answer 16

steroid

if foreskin too tight/creams don’t work - surgery

Question 17

what is paraphimosis

Answer 17

foreskin retracted and left behidn the glans leading to vascular engorgement and oedema of the distal glans

Question 18

paraphimosis treatment

Answer 18

surgical emergency, need decompression otherwise causes penile necrosis

Question 19

cause of paraphiomosis

Answer 19

iatrogenic = most common

Question 20

complications of TURP

Answer 20

haematuria
infection
sexual dysfunction
incontinence
retrograde ejaculation
hyponatraemia

Question 21

symptoms of TURP syndrome

Answer 21

restless, headache, SOB, n+v, visual disturbance, confusion, hyperglycaemia, metabolic acidosis

Question 22

causes of uretehral stricture

Answer 22

trauma
STI
UTI
surgery
malignancy
BXO

Question 23

symptoms of urethral stricture

Answer 23

weak stream
strianing
spraying
incomplete emptying
dribbling
UTI
inability to void

Question 24

types of neurogenic bladder

Answer 24

spastic - UMN. detrusory/spincter contraction doens’t work together
flaccid - detrusor areflexia

Question 25

treatment of spastic neurogenic bladder

Answer 25

tamsulosin, ISC

Question 26

treatmen of flaccid neurogenic bladder

Answer 26

anticholinergics, ISC

Question 27

RCC associated disease

Answer 27

von hippel lindau

Question 28

in what zone of the prostate does Ca usually occur

Answer 28

peripheral

Question 29

priapism classified into

Answer 29

low flow and high flow

worry about low flow

Question 30

when does low flow priapism usually occur

Answer 30

as adverse effect of treating ED e.g. sildenafil

Question 31

treatment of low flow priapsim

Answer 31

aspiration of blood from the corpus cavernosum + injecftion of phenylephrine (agonist of alpha 1 adrneoreceptors)

Question 32

ix to distinguish between high flow and low flow

Answer 32

penile blood gas analysis and doppler USS of penis

Question 33

definition of priapism

Answer 33

erect >4hr, not due to sexual excitation

Question 34

mechanism of sildenafil

Answer 34

phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor

Question 35

use of sildenafil

Answer 35

ED, pulm HTN, raynaud’s

Question 36

MOA tamsulosin

Answer 36

alpha blocker (antagonist). prevent norepinehprine from constriction smooth muscles and blood vessels

Question 37

use of tamsulosin

Answer 37

BPH (works immediately)

Question 38

MOA finasteride

Answer 38

5 alpha reductase inhibitor. prevents conversion of testosterone to dihydrostesterone

Question 39

use of finasteride

Answer 39

BPH (takes 6 months to work)

Question 40

AE finasteride

Answer 40

decreased libido, impotence, retrograde ejac