Use Basic TCP/IP Concepts

Question 1

is set of rules that allows networked hosts to communicate data in a structured format.

Answer 1

protocol

Question 2

is responsible for finding the destination address for data

Network layer

Answer 2

Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 3

is responsible for delivering the data to that destination. can identify and recover from lost or out-of-order packets, mitigating the inherent unreliability of IP.

transport layer

Answer 3

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Question 4

a collection of protocols that govern how data is exchanged on the internet.
* Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A connection-oriented protocol that ensures data is delivered

• Internet Protocol (IP): Defines how to address and route network packets
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP): An alternative to TCP that’s less reliable but ideal for streaming

Answer 4

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite

Question 5

This layer is responsible for putting frames onto the physical network. is packaged in a unit called a frame and node interfaces are identified by a MAC address.
* wifi
* cable modems
* DSL modems

Answer 5

Link or Network Interface layer

Question 6

which allows a host to query which MAC address is associated with an IP address.

Answer 6

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Question 7

provides unreliable, connectionless
forwarding. makes sending data faster and can be tolerated glitches/squeak in videos/audio.

transport layer

Answer 7

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Question 8

This layer are numerous application protocols, used to configure and manage network hosts and to operate services, such as the web and email. Each application protocol uses a TCP or UDP port to allow a client to connect to a server.

Answer 8

Application Layer

Question 9

Two of the most important header fields are the source and destination IP address fields, comes in dotted decimal form of 4 octects(8 bits) converted from 1’s & 0’s. may be any value between 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255 and are assigned.

Internet Protocol (IP)

Answer 9

IPv4 Addressing

Question 10

An IPv4 address provides two pieces of information encoded within the same value:
* The network number (network ID) is common to all hosts on the same IP network.
* The host number (host ID) identifies a host within a particular IP network.

Answer 10

Network Prefixes

Question 11

is a 32-bit number that identifies the network and host portions of an IP address. The mask is typically expressed in two formats: decimal (e.g., 255.255. 255.0) and prefix (e.g., /24).

IP address

Answer 11

subnet mask aka prefix mask

Question 12

the process where a network device, like a router, receives incoming network packets on one interface and then directs them to the appropriate network interface to reach their intended destination

transport layer

Answer 12

IPv4 Forwarding

Question 13

is the IP address of a router interface that the host can use to forward packets to other networks.

Answer 13

default gateway

Question 14

addresses are allocated to customers networks by ISPs.

Answer 14

public IP address

Question 15

addresses from these ranges are not allowed to route traffic over the public Internet. Use of the addresses is confined to private LANs.
* 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 Class A
* 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 Class B
* 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 Class C

Answer 15

private addressing aka RFC 1918

Question 16

subnet mask for a network depends on the class of the network which is a further breakdown of networks within networks.

Answer 16

Default subnet mask

Question 17

private ip to public internet

router uses to convert between the private and public addresses or Through a proxy server that fulfills requests for Internet resources on behalf
of clients.

Answer 17

network address translation (NAT)

Question 18

setting a unique IP address for a device on a network, typically consisting of four octets (numbers between 0 and 255) separated by periods, where the first portion identifies the network and the remaining part uniquely identifies the host within that network;

Answer 18

IPv4 Host Address Configuration

Question 19

a permanent number assigned to a device on a network.

Answer 19

static IP address

Question 20

is the IPv4 address of a router, such as
192.168.0.1

Answer 20

default gateway

Question 21

is a network system that translates human-readable domain names (like “google.com”) into machine-readable IP addresses

Answer 21

Domain Name System (DNS)

Question 22

a host can receive its IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses from a

Answer 22

dynamic host
configuration protocol (DHCP) server.

Question 23

a host is using an ….address ( ranging 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254) by Windows, it can communicate with other hosts on the same network that are using ….. but cannot reach other networks or communicate with hosts that have managed to obtain a valid DHCP lease.

Answer 23

automatic private IP addressing (APIPA).

Question 24

a router has multiple interfaces, Both interfaces must be configured with an IP address and subnet mask:
* public digital modem interface to connect to the ISP (ISP’s DHCP server).
* private Ethernet interface on the LAN (router’s DHCP)

Answer 24

SOHO Router Configuration

Question 25

address is a 128-bit number and so can express exponentially more address values that the 32-bit number used in IPv4. Hexadecimal with two parts of Network/Interface ID number each 64bits (2001:0db8:0000:0000:0abc:0000:def0:1234)

Answer 25

IPv6

Question 26

is one that is unique on the Internet IP address that starts with a 2 or 3 | IPv6 address

Answer 26

global address

Question 27

IP addresses are used on the local segment to communicate with neighbor hosts. In hex notation, link-local addresses start with (fe80::) | IPv6 addressing

Answer 27

Link-local addresses

Question 28

most hosts obtain a global and link-local address via the local router. | IPv6

Answer 28

StateLess Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC).

Question 29

is used to implement SLAAC, allows a host to discover a router, and performs the interface address querying functions performed by ARP in IPv4. | IPv6

Answer 29

Neighbor Discovery (ND).

Question 30

most hosts and routers can operate both IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time. | IP addressing

Answer 30

Dual Stack

Question 31

convert an IP address to binary, perform the calculation and then convert back to the IPv4 decimal number representation known as a dotted quad. The same procedure works for 128-bit IPv6 addresses.

Answer 31

Subnet Mask Calculation

Question 32

a way of writing numerical data, particularly IP addresses, where each group of digits (called an octet) is separated by a period (dot), with each octet representing a decimal number between 0 and 255;

Answer 32

Dotted Decimal format