UW 10

Question 1

What is a test that gives similar results on repeat measures

Answer 1

Reliable

Maximum error is minimal

Question 2

What does A fib look like

Answer 2

Irregularly Irregular
Varying R-R intervals
No discernible P waves
Narrow complex tachycardia

Question 3

If alcohol intake among individuals w breast cancer is compared with individuals w/out breast cancer - what kind of study

Answer 3

Case-Control Study

Question 4

What does relative risk measure

Answer 4

Strength of assn bt exposure and disease

Question 5

What is the equation for relative risk

Answer 5

Incidence in exposed divided by incidence in unexposed

Question 6

What is measurement bias

Answer 6

When measurement or data-gathering methods different groups

Example: one group is assessed by CT and another MRI

Question 7

What kind of gait is ass’d with Parkinsonism

Answer 7

Hypokinetic

Festinating

Question 8

Where do we see waddling gait?

Answer 8

Muscular dystrophy = weakness of gluteal muscles

Question 9

What to consider with BPH and acute kidney injury

Answer 9

Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 10

What is bladder outlet obstruction and what is workup

Answer 10

BL obstruction causing elevated Cr

Imaging = Renal US

Question 11

What is the management for bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 11

Urinary catheter placement w hydronephrosis
Alpha blockers (Tamsulosin)
5-Alpha reductase inhibitors (Finasteride)
Refractory cases - TURP

Question 12

Risk factors for Polyhydramnios

Answer 12

Fetal malformations
Genetic disorders
Maternal DM
Multiple gestation
Fetal anemia

Question 13

What test is done to evaluate the cervix for cervical incompetence

Answer 13

TV US

Question 14

What is flail chest

Answer 14

Multiple contiguous ribs are fractured in 2+ locations

Question 15

Presentation of flail chest

Answer 15

Pts take shallow breaths b/c of pain - compensate w hypoxemia w hyperventilation
Paradoxical inward motion on inspiration, outward movement on expiration

Question 16

Management of flail chest

Answer 16

Pain control
Supplemental Oxygen
Intubation w mechanical positive pressure ventilation

Question 17

What coag finding seen in hemophilia

Answer 17

Increased PTT

Question 18

How does VWF deficiency present

Answer 18

MC sx in women is menorrhagia

Question 19

VWF deficiency pathophys

Answer 19

Platelet plug formation problem leads to prolonged mucosal bleeding

Question 20

When do we see melena

Answer 20

Black, tarry stool seen in Upper GI bleeding

Question 21

WHen do we see hematochezia

Answer 21

Bright red stool seen in lower GI bleeds

Question 22

When do we see red papules over the trunk and lips

Answer 22

Cutaneous AV malformations

Question 23

What are causes of acquired torticollis in children

Answer 23

URI
Minor trauma
Cervical LA
Retropharyngeal Abscess

Question 24

Next step of management in torticollis

Answer 24

X-ray of neck (C-spine)

Question 25

Lab tests in Hereditary Spherocytosis

Answer 25

Increased MCHC Negative Coombs Spherocytes on PS

Question 26

Complications of Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 26

Pigment stones | Aplastic crisis from Parvo B19

Question 27

What heart defects are seen in Turner syndrome

Answer 27

Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of the aorta Aortic root dilation - increased risk of aortic dissection

Question 28

What is the cause of impaired fat absorption in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Answer 28

Pancreatic enzyme inactivation

Question 29

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and pathophys?

Answer 29

MCC = gastrin producing pancreatic tumor | - Parietal cell hyperplasia -> stomach acid production increased

Question 30

How does Z-E syndrome present?

Answer 30

Multiple duodenal ulcers Jejunal ulcer = pathognomic Steatorrhea

Question 31

Best tx for frost bites

Answer 31

Rapid re-warming with warm water | Never debride until rewarming has been completed

Question 32

Tx for PAD

Answer 32

Low dose ASA Statin Exercise Smoking cessation

Question 33

When do pts undergo desensitization with PCN

Answer 33

Pregnancy with syphilis b/c doxycycline CI.

Question 34

Tx for severe lithium toxicity

Answer 34

Hemodialysis

Question 35

Presentation of lead poisoning children

Answer 35

``` Irritability Poor appetite HA Abd pain Anemia ```

Question 36

Presentation of iron poisoning in children

Answer 36

Abd pain Hematemesis Shock Met Acidosis

Question 37

How do iron pills appear on x-ray

Answer 37

Radiopaque

Question 38

MC AE of ECT

Answer 38

Amnesia | Retrograde and Anterograde

Question 39

Tx of Acute DVT

Answer 39

Combination of warfarin and heparin for first 5 days Continue Warfarin for 6 mos New DVTs = compression stockings to prevent post-phlebitic syndrome

Question 40

How is propagating clot in a pt with therapeutic warfarin level treated

Answer 40

Same as new, unstable clot: heparin + warfarin

Question 41

What does risk measure?

Answer 41

Incidence

Question 42

Tx for Raynaud Phenomenon

Answer 42

DHP CCBs Amlodipine Nifedipine

Question 43

Survival rate for pts with sudden cardiac arrest - most critical factor that determines pt survival

Answer 43

Elapsed time to effective resuscitation - effective bystander CPR - prompt rhythm analysis - early defibrillation