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UW 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

EKG for Complete AV block?

A

Regular P waves
Unrelated to QRS
Consistent of R-R wave

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2
Q

Tx for symptomatic complete AV block?

A

Temporary pacemaker insertion

Assess for cause

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3
Q

Complications for untreated complete heart block

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

Asystole

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4
Q

Causes of complete AV block?

A

Myocardial ischemia
Increased vagal tone
Metabolic changes (HyperKalemia)
AV nodal blockers

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5
Q

What does Adenosine do?

A

Inhibits L-type calcium channels ->decreases conduction velocity at AV node

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6
Q

When is adenosine used in tx?

A

termination of AV node dependent reentrant tachycardia

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7
Q

Most beneficial therapy to reduce progression of diabetic nephropathy

A

Strict BP control to maintain GFR

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8
Q

Tx for stroke in sickle cell pt in acute setting

A

Exchange transfusion

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9
Q

Hepatic hydrothorax

A

Causes transudative pleural effusion in cirrhosis pts w/underlying cardiac or pulm dz
- usually right sided

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10
Q

Tx for hepatic hydrothorax

A
  1. Salt restriction + Diuretics

2. TIPS if refractory

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11
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

Regular

Narrow-complex tachycardia

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12
Q

Tx for pts with persistent tachyarrhythmia causing hemodynamically unstable

A

Immediate synchronized DC cardioversion

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13
Q

SVT pt that is hemodynamically stable management?

A
  1. Vasovagal maneuvers - carotid sinus massage
    OR
    IV Adenosine/CCBs
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14
Q

When are IV antiarrhythmics like amiodarone and procainamide used?

A

Stable recurrent or refractory wide-complex tachycardia

- they can worsen hypoTN

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15
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities in heart failure

A

Hyponatremia = severe HF - Neurohumoral activation

Low Na = High renin, aldosterone, vasopressin, NE

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16
Q

Causes of QT Prolongation

A

Electrolytes
Meds
Inherited

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17
Q

Electrolyte derangements - QT Prolongation

A

Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia

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18
Q

Meds that cause QT Prolongation

A 
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Antipsychotics
TCAs
SSRIs
Opiods
Antiarrhythmics - Quinidine, Sotalol, Procainamide, Flecainide, Amiodarone
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19
Q

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

A

Congenital sensorineural deafness + long QT (600 ms) + FHx of sudden death
Defect in K channels

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20
Q

PTs w Prolonged QT at risk for?

A

Syncope
Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias = Torsade des pointes
Sudden death

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21
Q

Tx for QT prolongation

A
  1. Avoid vigorous exercise
  2. Maintain normal levels of calcium, potassium, magnesium
  3. Meds: Beta blockers
  4. long term control w pacemaker
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22
Q

Medication of choice for QT Prolongation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Beta blockers

  • blunt exertional heart rate
  • shorten QT interval
23
Q

Variable decelerations?

Study These Flashcards
A

Umbilical cord compression
Oligohydramnios
Cord Prolapse

24
Q

What is the relationship bt PRL and thyroid hormone

Study These Flashcards
A

TRH and Serotonin stimulate PRL

Dopamine inhibits PRL

25
What antihypertensive limit ventricular remodeling
ACE Inhibitors
26
Most effective parameter to estimate fetal weight in suspected Fetal Growth Restriction
Abdominal Circumference
27
What will Biparietal Diameter be in FGR?
Asymmetric - Normal | Symmetric - Decreased
28
Dx study for esophageal perforation
Contrast Esophagram shows leakage of contrast outside of esophagus
29
How does esophageal perforation present
Sudden onset Severe pain Located retrosternally in neck, back, abdomen Worse with swallowing
30
What does CXR look like in esophageal perforation
Widened Mediastinum Air in paraspinal muscles Pneumomediastinum Pleural effusions
31
What does accuracy of a test measure
The true value of the test
32
What does validity measure
Measures what it is supposed to measure
33
What does precision measure
Reproducibility
34
What are si/sx's of dilated CM secondary to alcoholism
Thrombocytopenia Macrocytosis Elevated transaminases
35
What can reverse CHF from Dilated CM
Alcohol abstinence
36
How does digitalis work in Heart failure?
Systolic Dysfnc and rapid ventricular rates - Positive inotropic effect - Negative dromotropic - slows AV conduction
37
What survival benefit does digitalis have in CHF
None. | Only tx for sx's
38
What are the MCC of neonatal jaundice
Breastfeeding jaundice Breast milk jaundice Heme conditions Sepsis
39
Presentation of neonatal sepsis
``` Temp instability Poor feeding Irritability/lethargy Resp distress Vomiting Seizures Jaundice Apnea Cyanosis Bulging fontanelle ```
40
Next step in management for suspected neonatal jaundice after CBC and BR levels
Blood cultures | LP
41
What labs are seen in HUS
``` MAHA Thrombocytopenia PS - schistocytes, giant platelets Intravscular hemolysis= High LDH, Indirect BR, Retic count High BUN/Cr ```
42
When is BNP secreted
In response to ventricular stretch and wall tension when cardiac filling pressures are elevated
43
What are high BNP levels indicative of
CHF Level of correlates with: - severity of LV filling pressure elevation - mortality
44
What is an S3 and when do we hear it
Soft Diastolic Tensing of papillary chordal apparatus when rapid influx of blood into ventricle in early diastole Ass'd with elevated ventricular filling pressures
45
Presentation of stress/hairline fx
Athletes - second metatarsal common - slow onset foot pain first with activity -> then with rest - Point tenderness over affected metatarsal
46
What are Turner syndrome pts at risk of developing? | Why
Osteoporosis - Increased bone fx - Low estrogen from gonadal dysgenesis - Increased risk from one X
47
How to differentiate follicular cancer from adenoma?
Follicular cancer = early hematogenous spread to lung, brain, bone - demonstrate invasion of tumor capsule and blood vessels
48
What does FNAB show in follicular cancer?
Large numbers | Normal appearing follicular cells
49
Are papillary cancer and follicular cancers encapsulated?
Follicular cancer is | Papillary Not
50
Which thyroid cancer secretes calcitonin
Medullary cancer of the thyroid
51
Where do we see Hurthle cells
Both Follicular and Papillary cancer | - Hurthle cell carcinoma is a variant of follicular cell ca.
52
What is the MC thyroid malignancy
Papillary thyroid cancer
53
How does papillary thyroid cancer present
Slow, infiltrative spread | Psammoma bodies
54
Papillary thyroid cancer - FNAB what is seen?
Large cells Ground glass cytoplasm Pale nuclei w inclusion bodies and central grooving

Mixed (19 decks)

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