Vaccination Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
BVD
A
= bovine viral diarrhoea
2
Q
Does BVD cause GI signs?
A
- no
3
Q
CS of BVD
A
- abortion
- immunosuppression
- calf scour
- pneumonia
4
Q
When do PI calves occur with a BVD infection?
A
- in the 1st 120d
5
Q
When should dams be vaccinated for BVD?
A
- 3w before pregnancy
6
Q
Biggest cause of infertility in cattle
A
- BVD
7
Q
What virus causes IBR?
A
- bovine herpes virus 1
8
Q
CS of IBR in adults
A
- infertility
- drop in milk reduction
- abortion
- nasal & ocular discharge
9
Q
CS of IBR in young
A
- secondary infections e.g. pneumonia
10
Q
CS of pneumonia
A
- pyrexia
- depression
- increased rr
- white plaques on nose
- nasal & ocular discharge
11
Q
IBR control
A
- vaccinate youngstock
- buy from accredited sources
- routine quarantine before introducing new animals to the herd
- vaccination of all
12
Q
System affected by IBR
A
- respiratory
13
Q
Longevity of IBR infection
A
- infected for life
14
Q
Bacteria causing leptospirosis
A
- Leptospira hardjo
15
Q
CS of lepto
A
- sudden or mild drop in milk yield
- pyrexia in all 4 quadrants
- flaccid udder
- udder secretion thickened and clotted
- infertility
- abortion
16
Q
CS of cavles born to dam infected with leptospirosis late in pregnancy
A
- born sickly and weak
17
Q
How often is the leptospirosis booster?
A
- bi-annual or annually
18
Q
How far apart are the 2 initial lepto vaccinations?
A
- 4-6w
19
Q
How is leptospirosis controlled?
A
- vaccination
- control urine e.g. wash down parlour
- biosecurity
- buy from vaccinated sources
- quarantine on arrival
- removal of all Ab positive herd
- piped water drains
20
Q
How is leptospirosis spread?
A
- urine
- foetues
- uterine discharge
- semen
- water sources
21
Q
Is lepto zoonotic?
A
- yes
22
Q
2nd biggest cause of infertility in farm?
A
- lepto
23
Q
BRD
A
- bovine respiratory dz
24
Q
Causes of BRD
A
- BVD
- IBR
- PI3
- RSV
- Mannheima
- Mycoplasma
25
Another name for Mannheima
- pasteurella
26
BRSV
- bovine respiratory syncytial virus
27
PI3
- parainfluenza 3
28
CS of BRD
- pyrexia
- watery discharge
- rapid, shallow breathing
- cough
- poor DLWG
- standing with neck extended
29
What is BRD also referred to as?
- pneumonia
30
Biggest cause of death in calves from weaning to 10m?
- BRD
31
BRD prevention/control
- vaccination
- reduce stress & pain
- clean bedding
- adequate ventilation
- avoid draughts
- don't house calves next to adult pen
32
3 likely causes of calf scour
- rotavirus
- coronavirus
- E.coli
33
AB use for calf scour
- not appropriate as non-bacterial causes predominate
34
Prevention of calf scour
- vaccinate
- PPE change from calves to adults
- clean calving box regularly
- clean feeding equipment
- ensure colostrum intake
- isolate
35
How much colostrum should a calf receive?
- 10% BW in first 2h
36
What does C perfringens type A cause?
- gas gangrene and haemorrhagic enteritis
37
What does C perfringens type B cause?
- lamb dysentery
38
What does C perfringens type C cause?
- struck
39
What does C perfringens type D cause?
- pulpy kidney
40
What does C chavouei cause?
- black leg
41
What does C. novyi cause?
- black disease
42
What does C. septicum cause?
- braxy
43
What does C. tetani cause?
- tetanus
44
What does C. sordelli cause?
- gas gangrene & haemorrhagic enteritis
45
What does C. haemolytic cause?
- bacillary haemoglobinuria
46
When to vaccinate for clostridial dz
- pre-calving to protect the calf over the 1st few months of life
47
Where is clostridium most commonly found?
- soil
48
CS of RSV
- pyrexia
- cough
- nasal discharge
49
What is RSV an important cause of?
- BRD/pneumonia
50
What cells does RSV attack?
- mucosal cells and destroy the mucociliary apparatus
51
Is RSV contagious?
- yes
52
RSV spread
- cow to cow
- aerosols
53
Toxoplasmosis bacteria
- toxoplasma gondii
54
CS of toxoplasmosis
- infertility
- mummification
- still birth
- abortion
55
Top 2 biggest causes of abortion in sheep
- toxoplasmosis
- EAE
56
Biggest cause of infertility in sheep
- EAE
57
When is the toxoplasmosis vaccine given?
- 3m prior to tupping
58
EAE pathogen
- Chlamydia abortus
59
How does EAE change the placenta?
- thickened placenta between the cotyledons
- brown exudate
60
How does toxoplasmosis change the placenta?
- dark cotyledons
- grey necrosis
61
CS of EAE
- abortion
- oedema of the placenta
- mummification
- stillbirth
62
When to give EAE vaccine
- 4w before tupping, NO LATER
63
Duration of EAE vaccine
- 3y
64
2 main pathogens behind pasteurella
- Mannheim haemolytica
- Bibersteinia trehalosi
65
Most commonly diagnosed cause of death in UK lambs
- pasteurella
66
When is pasteurella infection most likely?
- most associated with stress e.g. castration, weaning
67
What bacteria is behind footrot?
- Dichelobacter nodosus
68
CS of footrot
- grey ooze
- under running of the horn
- lameness
69
Most common cause of lameness in sheep
- footrot
70
Footrot predecessor
- scald
71
Other term for scald in sheep
- interdigital dermatitis
