Valvular disease Flashcards
(19 cards)
AS murmur
harsh <> systolic ejection
AR murmur
early diastolic decrescendo murmur
OR
mid diastolic murmur called Austin Flint murmur
MS murmur
mid diastolic murmur
MR murmur
pansystolic murmur
which radiates to the axilla
MR
which has austin flint murmur (low-pitched mid diastolic rumbling murmur best heard at apex)
AR
which has opening snap
MS
in which is a 3rd heart sound audible
MR
which has a mid systolic click and a late systolic crescendo (bit of a rogue one)
mitral valve prolapse
in which is there a wide pulse pressure and collapsing pulse
AR
in which is there malar flush
MS
how to remember which side murmurs are loudest in expiration
ex left you. Left sided murmurs are louder i.e. mitral and aortic
symptoms of aortic stensosi
SOB on exertion
syncope
sometimes angina
what is Erb’s point and what is it best to hear
3rd intercostal space on left
AR murmur
pt leaning forward breathing out to best hear it
when is AS classified as severe
valve area <1cm
EF <40
pressure across valve >40mmHg
symptoamtic HF
which valve disease has slow rising pulse
AS
symptoms of AS
SOB
angina - that’s a gd reason to auscultate in a person with angina
dizziness
syncope
investigations of AS
ECG - may hsow LVH
CXR - may show cardiac enlargement
echo. key for dx. assess degree ofdisease and provides prognostic info
TOE if normal echo not good
treatment of AS
aortic valve replacement if severe and symptomatic. evidence unclear for those who are asymptomatic. will have midline scar as it is open heart surgery. valve can be mechanical (lasts longer) or tissue (lower infection risk)
transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) is another option. not done in all centres yet
if can’t replace valve, may need symptomatic rx for HF
