Ventricular system & Blood brain barrier

Question 1

What are the four cavities filled with Cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?

Answer 1

• Two lateral ventricles
• Third ventricle
• Fourth ventricle

Question 2

Fill in the blanks .” The lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle via _________.”

Answer 2

Interventricular foramen of Munro

Question 3

Fill in the blanks . “ The their ventricle is connected with the fourth ventricles via _________.”

Answer 3

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

Question 4

What is the embryological origin of the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 4

The cavity of the neural tube

Question 5

What lines the Ventricles?

Answer 5

Ependyma

Question 6

True or False? The Fourth ventricle continuous with central canal in spinal cord and the Central canal dilated at its inferior end - terminal ventricle.

Answer 6

TRUE!!

Question 7

What are the functions of the Ependymal cells?

Answer 7

1. They line the ventricular cavities and the central canal.
2. They provide nutrition for the stem cells in the sub-ventricular system.
3. They have a role in immune defence
   - they produce cytokines, toll- like receptors etc.

Question 8

Where is the body of the Lateral ventricle located?

Answer 8

In the Parietal lobe

Question 9

Where is the anterior horn of the lateral Ventricle located?

Answer 9

In the frontal lobe

Question 10

Where is the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle located?

Answer 10

In the occipital lobe

Question 11

Where is the Inferior horn of the lateral ventricle located ?

Answer 11

In the Temporal lobe

Question 12

What are the parts of the Body of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 12

Roof
Floor
Median wall

Question 13

What form the Roof of the body of the lateral ventricle ?

Answer 13

The roof is formed by the undersurface of Corpus callosum

Question 14

What structure forms the Floor of the body of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 14

The floor is formed from the Body of Caudate Nucleus and Margin of Thalamus .

• Superior surface obscured by Body of fornix

Question 15

What structure forms the median wall of the body of the lateral ventricle ?

Answer 15

Formed by septum pellucidum anteriorly and posteriorly, roof and floor come together

Question 16

What forms the Roof of the Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 16

Formed by undersurface of anterior part of corpus callosum

Question 17

What structure limits the anterior horn anteriorly ?

Answer 17

The Genu of Corpus callosum

Question 18

What forms the Floor of the Anterior horn of the Lateral ventricle ?

Answer 18

The head of the Caudate nucleus

Question 19

What structure forms the Median wall of the Anterior horn pf the lateral ventricle?

Answer 19

Formed by septum pellucidum and anterior column of fornix

Question 20

What forms the Roof and Lateral wall of the Posterior horn of lateral ventricle?

Answer 20

Formed by fibers of tapetum of corpus callosum.

Question 21

What structure is located lateral to the Tapetum?

Answer 21

The fibres of Optic radiations

Question 22

What forms the Medial wall of the Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 22

Superior swelling caused by forceps major of corpus callosum: bulb of posterior horn

Inferior swelling produced by calcarine sulcus- Called calcar avis

Question 23

What is the bulb of the Posterior horn?

Answer 23

Superior swelling caused by forceps major of corpus callosum

Question 24

What is the Calcar Avis?

Answer 24

Inferior swelling produced by the Calcarine sulcus.

Question 25

What structure forms there roof of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle ?

Answer 25

Formed by inferior surface of tapetum of corpus callosum and by tail of caudate nucleus

Question 26

What structure is located in between Stria terminals and the tail of the Caudate nucleus?

Answer 26

Thalamo-striate vein or vena terminalis

Question 27

What structures forms the Floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle ?

Answer 27

Formed laterally by collateral eminence, produced by collateral fissure and medially by hippocampus

Question 28

What epithelium is the Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 28

Cuboidal epithelium

Question 29

What is the structure of the Choroid plexus composed of?

Answer 29

Made of Pia mater with ependymal lining of Ventricular cavity

Question 30

True or False?At junction of body of lateral ventricle and inferior horn, choroid plexus continues into inferior horn and projects through choroidal fissure.

Answer 30

TRUE!!

Question 31

What forms the Anterior Wall of the third ventricle?

Answer 31

Lamina terminalis

Question 32

What forms the Posterior wall of the third ventricle?

Answer 32

The opening from into Cerebral aqueduct

Question 33

What structure is found superior to the opening of the Cerebral acquedtuct?

Answer 33

The Posterior commissure

Question 34

What structure is found superior to the pineal recess?

Answer 34

The Habenular commissure

Question 35

What is the name of the structure that connects the right and left temporal lobes?

Answer 35

The anterior commissure

Question 36

What is the name of the structure that forms the Lateral wall of the Third ventricle?

Answer 36

It is formed by medial surface of Thalamus ( superiorly) and Hypothalamus (inferiorly)

Question 37

What is the name of the structure that limits the lateral wall of the third ventral?

Answer 37

Stria Medullaris Thalami

Question 38

Fill in the blanks. " The lateral walls of the third ventricle are joined by_________."

Answer 38

Interthalamic Adhesion

Question 39

What is the food of the third ventricle formed by?

Answer 39

Layer of ependyma continuous with lining of ventricle

Question 40

What forms the Floor of the Third ventricle ?

Answer 40

M - Mamillary bodies I - Infundibulum T- Tuber cinerum O - Optic chiasma

Question 41

What is the name given to the two-layer fold of Pia mater found in the third ventricle?

Answer 41

Tela Chrodiae

Question 42

How long is the Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius?

Answer 42

1.8 cm

Question 43

What is the name given to the layer of Grey matter that surrounds the Cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 43

Central Grey

Question 44

True or False? There is NO choroid plexus found in the cerebral aqueduct.

Answer 44

TRUE!!

Question 45

What is the blood supply to the Fourth ventricle?

Answer 45

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 46

Fill in the blanks. " For the lateral boundaries of the Fourth Ventricle , the Cranial part of each lateral boundary formed by ______________ and the Caudal part of each lateral boundary formed by ______________."

Answer 46

Cranial- Superior Cerebellar Peduncle Caudal - Inferior Cerebelllar Peduncle

Question 47

True or False? The fourth ventricle communicates with subarachnoid space through single median opening and two lateral apertures.

Answer 47

TRUE!!

Question 48

Fill in the blanks. " The roof of the Fourth has a Superior part formed by medial borders of two ______________ and connecting sheet of white matter called: _____________."

Answer 48

Two superior cerebellar peduncles Connecting white matter sheet called Superior Medullary Velum

Question 49

What is the name of the structure that forms the Inferior part of the Roof of the Fourth ventricle?

Answer 49

Inferior medullary velum

Question 50

What forms the Inferior medullary Velum?

Answer 50

Ventricular ependyma and posterior covering of white matter

Question 51

What is the name given to the structure that pierces part of the roof of the fourth ventricle in the midline?

Answer 51

Median aperture of Foramen of Magendie

Question 52

What structure is found lateral to the Sulcus limitans ?

Answer 52

Vestibular area

Question 53

What are the structures located in the Floor of Fourth ventricle ?

Answer 53

From Medial to lateral: Halle- Hypoglossal triangle with Hypoglossal nucleus . Vacationed - Vagal triangle( position for dorsal motor nucleus of vagus) At - Area Postrema - Ontario - Obex- midline structure below area postrema,

Question 54

Where is the Area Postrema located in the fourth ventricle ?

Answer 54

It is located between vagal triangle and lateral margin of ventricle (dorsal part: no BBB).

Question 55

Where does the decussation of sensory fibres of the medial leminiscus occur along with the entrance of the central canal?

Answer 55

The Obex

Question 56

Fill in the blanks. " In Conus medullaris of the spinal cord , the central canal extends to form _______."

Answer 56

The terminal ventricle

Question 57

True or False? There is NO Choroid plexus in the central canal.

Answer 57

TRUE !!!

Question 58

What is the name of the gray matter that surround the Central canal?

Answer 58

Grey Commisure

Question 59

Fill in the blanks." The Cerebellomedullary cistern receives CSF from the fourth ventricle through __________."

Answer 59

The foramen of Magendie

Question 60

What structures are found in the Cerebellomedullary cistern?

Answer 60

* The Vertebral artery * The origin of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) * CN 9,10,11 & 12 * Choroid plexus

Question 61

True or False? The Lumbar cistern receives CSF through the Foramen of Luschka.

Answer 61

FALSE!! The Pontine Cistern receives CSF via the Foramen of Luschka

Question 62

Which arteries are found in the Pontine Cistern?

Answer 62

* Basilar Artery * Origin of Anterior * Inferior Cerebellar artery ( AICA) CN 6

Question 63

Where is the Interpeduncular cistern located?

Answer 63

Between the two Cerebral peduncles and the Dorsum Sellae

Question 64

What structures are found in the Interpeduncular Cistern ?

Answer 64

Optic Chiasma CN 3 ( Occulomotor nerve ) Numerous vessels

Question 65

Where does Conus Medullaris lie?

Answer 65

L1-2

Question 66

Where is the Lumbar Cistern located?

Answer 66

From conus medullaris (L1-2) to S2. Contains filum terminale and roots of cauda equina. CSF is withdrawn from this cistern during lumbar puncture.

Question 67

What separates the blood of capillaries from the ventricular lumen?

Answer 67

Endothelium ,Basement membrane & surface epithelium

Question 68

What is the main site of Absorption of CSF?

Answer 68

Arachnoid villi projecting into dural venous sinuses (superior sagittal sinus).

Question 69

True or False? The arachnoid villi decreases in number and size as one ages.

Answer 69

FALSE!! It increases in number and size with age and tend to become calcified

Question 70

What are the three origins associated with increased pressure of CSF for Hydrocephalus?

Answer 70

+ Abnormal increase in formation of CSF. + Blockage of circulation of CSF. + Reduced absorption of CSF.

Question 71

An obstruction in the foramen of Magendie will cause what condition?

Answer 71

Chiari malformation M for Magendie M for Malformation

Question 72

An obstruction in the Foramina of Luschka will cause what condition?

Answer 72

Dandy- Walker Syndrome

Question 73

What molecules DO NOT pass the Blood Brain Barrier?

Answer 73

Molecules with molecular weights of 60,000 and above do not cross the BBB

Question 74

What are the Areas with No Blood Brain Barrier?

Answer 74

L - Lamina Terminalis A- Area Postrema P- Posterior Pituitary ( Neurohypophysis) D- Dorsal root ganglion Shot - Sunfornical organs Two - Tuber-cinerum Medical - Median Emminence Practicioners- Pineal Gland Today - Trigeminal ganglion " LAPD Shot Two Medical Practitioners Today"

Question 75

What are the three structures that make up the Blood Brain barrier?

Answer 75

1. Endothelial cells found inside the wall of capillary 2. Basement membrane found outside the endothelial cells 3. The foot processes of the Astrocytes adhering to the outer surface of the capillary

Question 76

What type of collagen is found in the Basal lamina?

Answer 76

Type IV

Question 77

What are the components of the Basal Lamina?

Answer 77

Type IV collagen Heparin sulfate Fibronectin Laminin

Question 78

What structure works with Intergrins to regulate permeability of the BBB and cellular transport across it ?

Answer 78

Laminin

Question 79

What is the name given to contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells of capillaries and venules throughout the body?

Answer 79

Pericytes

Question 80

Which cells contribute to the formation of Tight junctions?

Answer 80

Pericytes

Question 81

True or False? Pericytes Increases with age .

Answer 81

FALSE!!Pericytes decrease with age, paralleling an increase in BBB permeability.

Question 82

What are the different functions of Pericytes?

Answer 82

1. . They are macrophage-like cells with smooth muscle properties and are embedded in the basement membrane around the blood vessels 2. Pericytes contribute to the formation of tight junctions. 3.They regulate permeability of the BBB by release of vasoactive substances.

Question 83

What are the three proteins that forms the tight junctions in the Blood Brain Barrier?

Answer 83

Occludin Claudin Junction adhesion molecules (JAMs)