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Neuroscience & Mental Health Y2 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Inputs of the vestibular system

A

visual
pressure receptors in the feet
vestibular organ in the inner ear

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2
Q

Where is the vestibular organ in the ear and what is it called

A

In the temporal bone near the ear and is called the posterior labyrinth

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3
Q

Wh]]]What are the 5 organs in the posterior labyrinth

A

Utricle, saccule and the 3 semi circular canals (anterior, posterior and lateral)

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4
Q

What is connected to the utricle

A

the 3 semi circular canals and the saccule

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5
Q

Which 2 canals are connected

A

Anterior and posterior

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6
Q

What is connected to the saccule

A

the utricle and the cochlear

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7
Q

what liquid is outside the membranous labyrinth

A

perilymph

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8
Q

what liquid is inside the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of hair cell and which is more abundant, how direct is the afferent and efferent inputs and outputs

A

type 1, more abundant, direct afferent and indirect efferent

type 2 is direct afferent and efferent

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10
Q

What are the otolith organs

A

utricle and saccule

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11
Q

What are otoliths

A

carbonate crystals

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12
Q

Where is the macula in utricle

A

Lower part

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13
Q

Where is the macula in saccule

A

side pointing to the spiral of the cochlear

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14
Q

what is found in the otolith organs and what are the otolith organs (3)

A

hair cells, otoliths and a gelatinous matrix, the saccule and utricle

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15
Q

Where are otoliths found in the otolith organs

A

On top of the gelatinous matrix inside the saccule and utricle

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the otolith crystals in the saccule and utricle

A

When you move your head the move on the gelatinous matrix and apply levels of pressure to the hair cells below deflecting them

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17
Q

What are striola and where is it found

A

Opposing hair bundle polarities, found in the centre of the otolith organs (saccule and utricle)

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18
Q

Direction of the kinocilium in the utricle, and how do they depolarise

A

facing towards each other, depolarise when hair deflects in the direction of the striola

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19
Q

Direction of the kinocilium in the saccule, and how do they depolarise

A

away from each, deflection away from the striola depolarises it

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20
Q

Where are kinocilium facing towards the striola found

A

Utricle

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21
Q

Where are kinocilium facing away from the striola found

A

Saccule

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22
Q

Where is the cupula of the semi circular canal

A

in the wider parts of the semi circular canal, closes these wider bits off

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23
Q

what are the longest cilium known as

A

Kinocilia

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24
Q

What is the ampulla of the semi circular canal

A

inside of the cupula

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25
Where are hair cells found in the semi circular canal
in the crista of the ampulla inside the cupula
26
What is the cupulla
A kind of gel but not as thick as the gelatinous matrix of the otolith cells
27
How are hair cells in the endolymph deflected
When we move the endolymph pushes against the cupula which deflects the hair cells
28
What direction is the anterior semi circular canal (say degrees for ease and straight ahead is 0) and what plane
about 45 degrees either way vertical
29
What direction is the posterior semi circular canal (say degrees for ease and straight ahead is 0) and what plane
225 degrees either way, vertical
30
What direction is the lateral semi circular canal (say degrees for ease and straight ahead is 0) and what plane
90 degrees and horizontal
31
What is the blood supply to the vestibular organ
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
32
2 afferent vestibular nerves?
superior and inferior vestibular nerves
33
Superior vestibular supplies ... (3)
utricle and the anterior and horizontal canals
34
Inferior vestibular supplies ... (3)
saccule and the posterior canals
35
The afferent output of the utricle is through the ..
Superior vestibular nerve
36
The afferent output of the saccule is through the ..
inferior vestibular nerve
37
The afferent output of the horizontal canal is through the ..
superior vestibular nerve
38
The afferent output of the anterior canal is through the ..
superior vestibular nerve
39
The afferent output of the posterior canal is through the ..
inferior vestibular nerve
40
The superior and inferior vestibular nerves travel to X in the Y
vestibular nuclei in the Brain stem
41
What are the 4 vestibular nuclei
Superior lateral medial inferior
42
the static labyrinth is also known as ...
otoliths
43
the kinetic labyrinth is also known as...
Semi circular canals
44
the static labyrinth feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus
lateral and inferior
45
the kinetic labyrinth feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus
superior and medial
46
the Semi circular canals feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus
superior and medial
47
the otoliths feeds into what part of the vestibular nucleus
Lateral and inferior
48
Lateral and inferior vestibular nucleus has information coming from ...
otoliths/static labyrinth
49
superior and medial vestibular nucleus has information coming from ...
Kinetic labyrinth/SCC
50
Vestibular nuclei projects to ... (6)
``` spinal cord nuclei of the extra ocular muscles cerebellum centres of CVS and resp control thalamus superior parietal cortex ```
51
Where is the vestibular cortex
Parietal cortex
52
What does the cerebellum do in the vestibular system (3)
Movement coordination posture regulation eye movements
53
main functions of the motor output in the vestibular system? (3)
detect and inform head movements keep images fixed in the retina during head movments postural control
54
What is the constant firing of the vestibular system known as
Resting discharge
55
What happens if the kinocilium move in the opposite direction for polarisation
Inhibition/hyperpolarisation
56
which otolith organ is responsible for detecting horizontal linear accelation
The utricle
57
which otolith organ is responsible for detecting vertical linear accelation (tilt)
Saccule
58
which vestibular organ is responsible for detecting angular accelation and what causes angular accelaration
semicircular canals turning the head
59
Direction of liquid movement in SCC vs head movement
they go opposite directions
60
SCC canals work in ....
Pairs (opposite canals attract, apart from both horizontal ones lol)
61
What are the 2 vestibulospinal reflex
Lateral and medial
62
is the lateral vestibular spinal tract contra or ipsilateral or both
Ipsi
63
is the medial vestibular spinal tract contra or ipsilateral or both
both
64
the medial vestibular spinal innervates muscles where (3)
neck and back
65
the lateral vestibular spinal innervates muscles where
limbs
66
what is the function of the vestibulospinal tract
to keep you from falling
67
what is the function of the vestibulo ocular tract
To keep image fixed
68
vestibulo ocular tract connects which nuclei
Vestibular and occulomotor
69
Fastest reflex in the eye?
vestibulo ocular
70
What causes nystagmus
Unilateral lesion in one of the SCC
71
What needs to be checked to make a vestibular diagnosis: 7
``` Patient history balance and gait assessment cerebellum gaze assessment: eye movements vestibular tests Imaging Questionnaires ```
72
Symptoms of vestibular disease:
)Vertigo Dizziness Unsteadiness Self-motivation perception
73
Peripheral vestibular disease affects... (2)
labyrinth and VIII nerve
74
Central vestibular disease affects... (2)
Brainstem/cerebellum
75
Examples of Peripheral vestibular disease
vestibular neuritis
76
Examples of central vestibular disease (3)
stroke/MS/tumours
77
Example of acute vestibular disease
vestibular neuritis
78
Example of intermittent vestibular disease
BPPV
79
Example of recurrent vestibular disease
migraine
80
Example of progressive vestibular disease
Acoustic VIII nerve neuroma

Neuroscience & Mental Health Y2 (18 decks)

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