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Neuroscience & Mental Health Y2 > Development of CNS > Flashcards

Development of CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

3 layers of the neural tube of the developing embryo

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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2
Q

which is the inner layer of the neural tube of the developing embryo

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

which is the outer layer of the neural tube of the developing embryo

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

How does the neuroepithelium form

A

 Dorsal flexion of the ectoderm, and medial thickening of the ectoderm begins around 3 weeks

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5
Q

When does the neuroepithelium begin to form

A

begins around 3 weeks

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6
Q

Dorsal flexion of the ectoderm, and medial thickening of the ectoderm beginning around 3 weeks forms the …

A

neuroepithelium

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7
Q

the neuroepithelium is the …

A

wall of the neural tube

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8
Q

the wall of the neural tube is known as…

A

the neuroepithelium

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9
Q

Closure of the neural tube forms the …

A

neural canal

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10
Q

the neural canal forms on the closure of …

A

the neural tube

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11
Q

The neural crest develops lateral to the…

A

Neural canal

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12
Q

Lateral to the Neural canal you find …

A

the neural crest

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13
Q

The embryological basis of the dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons are the …

A

neural crest cells

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14
Q

The neural crest cells go on to form …

A

the dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons

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15
Q

NEUROBLASTS are …

A

Precursors to all neurons with cell bodies in the CNS

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16
Q

GLIOBLASTS are …

A

Precursors to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (the glial cells)

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17
Q

EPENDYMAL CELLS purpose is to …

A

These line the ventricles and the central canal

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18
Q

What cell is: These line the ventricles and the central canal

A

EPENDYMAL CELLS

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19
Q

What cells are: Precursors to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (the glial cells)

A

Glioblasts

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20
Q

What cell are: Precursors to all neurons with cell bodies in the CNS

A

neuroblasts

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21
Q

Origin of microglia?

A

microglia arise systemically and migrate to the brain after development

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22
Q

What cells arise systemically and migrate to the brain after development

A

Microglia

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23
Q

What cells do the neural crest differentiate into: (4)

A

Sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia
POSTGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC NEURONS
SCHWANN CELLS – myelinating cells of the PNS

and Non-neuronal derivatives e.g. melanocytes

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24
Q

What cells do the neuroepithelium differentiate into (3)

A

Ependymal cells
Glioblasts
Neuroblasts

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25
These cells originate from: Ependymal cells Glioblasts Neuroblasts
neuroepithelium
26
These cells originate from: Sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia POSTGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC NEURONS SCHWANN CELLS – myelinating cells of the PNS and Non-neuronal derivatives e.g. melanocytes
Neural crest cells
27
Neuroblasts are formed on the X layer but migrate Y
X - ependymal | Y - outward
28
Cell bodies of neurons form the X matter in the brain
Grey
29
Glial cells migrate to what type of matter (grey/white)
Both
30
Grey matter is mainly composed of ...
Neuronal cell bodies
31
What type of glial cell is found in white matter mostly
Oligodendrocytes
32
5 different layers/sections of the neural tube?
``` Ependymal Dorsal Ventral Marginal Mantle ```
33
In the neural tube where is the ependymal layer? It's function?
Innermost, where many neuronal cells originate
34
In the neural tube where is the marginal layer? It's type of matter?
Marginal layer = white matter = outside
35
In the neural tube where is the mantle layer? It's type of matter?
Mantle layer = grey matter (cell bodies) = middle, outer to the ependymal layer but inside the marginal layer
36
In the neural tube where is the roof plate?
Dorsally
37
In the neural tube where is the floor plate?
Ventrally
38
Ventral fibres are more [efferent/afferent]
Efferent
39
Dorsal fibres are more [efferent/afferent]
Afferent
40
Afferent fibres are found more commonly [ventrally/dorsally]
Dorsally
41
Efferent fibres are found more commonly [ventrally/dorsally]
Ventrally
42
Example of a signalling molecule that controls differentiation of neural cells? (think funny)
Sonic hedgehog
43
In the spinal cord, grey matter is on the [inside/outside]?
Inside
44
Dorsal neurons are in the what type of neurons in the developing spinal cord
Interneurons
45
Ventral neurons are in the what type of neurons in the developing spinal cord
Motor and interneuromns
46
What happens to the neural tube at the level of the brainstem
opens up It splits and becomes more lateral making the sensory neurons quite lateral
47
What happens to sensory neurons at the level of the brainstem in development
the neural tube (alar plate) opens up It splits and becomes more lateral making the sensory neurons quite lateral
48
In the brainstem lateral neurons are [afferent/efferent] [sensory/motor] neurons
Afferent sensory
49
In the brainstem medial neurons are [afferent/efferent] [sensory/motor] neurons
efferent motor
50
In the brainstem efferent motor neurons are [medial/lateral]
Medial
51
In the brainstem afferent sensory neurons are [medial/lateral]
Lateral
52
The Future forebrain is known as the ...
Prosencephalon
53
The Future midbrain is known as the ...
Mesencephalon
54
The Future hindbrain is known as the ...
Rhombencephalon
55
the Mesencephalon becomes the ...
midbrain
56
the Rhombencephalon becomes the ...
hindbrain
57
the prosencephalon becomes the ...
forebrain
58
The 3 main vesicles of the developing brain is visible by ...
4 weeks
59
By 4 weeks in the developing brain you can see..
3 main vesicles
60
The diencephalon contains...
thalamus and hypothalamus
61
At 5 weeks the future brain develops
a division in the forebrain for the telencephalon and diencephalon and division between the pons and medulla in the hindbrain
62
the telencephalon becomes ...
the cerebral cortex
63
In the developing brain By 8 weeks you see.... (4)
- Developing hemispheres in the forebrain - Appearance of the lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle in the forebrain - Aqueduct in the midbrain - 4th ventricle in the hindbrain and developing cerebellum
64
The three flexures are known as:
Cephalic, pontine and cervical
65
From anterior to posterior the 3 flexures are
Cephalic, pontine and cervical
66
Difference between layers of grey and white matter in the spinal cord vs the brain?
grey matter inside on spinal cord, outside in the Brain | White matter outside in the spinal cord, inside in the brain
67
How many layers in the cerebral cortex?
6
68
What guides migration of neurons in the cortex
radial glial cells
69
How many layers of cells in the cerebellum
3
70
Production of the 6 layer cortex involves the migration of neurons out along radial glial cells from the X zone out to the Y zone to form the Z plate
X - ventricular Y - marginal Z - cortical
71
Production of the 6 layer cortex involves the migration of neurons out along radial glial cells from the X zone out to the Y zone to form the Z plate
X - ventricular Y - marginal Z - cortical
72
What is non-closure of the neural tube associated with
lack of folate
73
What is craniorachischisis
Completely open brain and spinal cord
74
What is anencephaly
Open brain and lack of skull vault
75
What is encephalocele
Herniation of the meninges (and brain)
76
What is spina bifida
Closed asymptomatic NTD in which some of the vertebrae are not completely closed
77
What is closed spinal dysraphism
Deficiency of at least two vertebral arches, here covered with a lipoma
78
What is meningocele
Protrusion of the meninges (filed with CSF) through a defect in the skull or spine
79
What is myelomeningocele
Open spinal cord with a meningeal cyst
80
What is iniencephaly
Occipital skull and spine defects with extreme retroflexion of the head
81
Open spinal cord with a meningeal cyst is known as....
myelomeningocele
82
Occipital skull and spine defects with extreme retroflexion of the head is known as....
iniencephaly
83
Protrusion of the meninges (filed with CSF) through a defect in the skull or spine is known as....
meningocele
84
Deficiency of at least two vertebral arches, here covered with a lipoma is known as....
closed spinal dysraphism
85
Closed asymptomatic NTD in which some of the vertebrae are not completely closed is known as....
spina bifida
86
Herniation of the meninges (and brain) is known as....
encephalocele
87
Open brain and lack of skull vault is known as....
anencephaly
88
Completely open brain and spinal cord is known as....
craniorachischisis
89
What nerves can sometimes regenerate and what can't
peripheral sometimes, and CNS cannot

Neuroscience & Mental Health Y2 (18 decks)

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