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SPDX 311 > Veterinary Diagnostic Technology > Flashcards

Veterinary Diagnostic Technology Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Designed to spin a rotor, which holds the, samples, at a specific set speed measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

A

Centrifuges

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2
Q

[2] Common types of Rotors

A
  1. Fixed
  2. Swinging bucket
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3
Q

A specialized chamber with a small precise grid used to perform manual cell counts when cells are suspended in a liquid medium.

A

Hemocytometer

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4
Q

An analytical method that correlates the degree of light refraction (refractive index) in a liquid with the amount of solids in the liquid.

A

Refractometer

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5
Q

Allows as user to keep track of the cell types observed and the total number of cells examined on a sample slide.

A

Differential cell counter

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6
Q

Most commonly used stain for blood smears and cytology samples.

A

Romanowski types stains

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7
Q

[2] Most common stains used in veterinary practices.

A
  1. Romanowski types stains
  2. Methylene blue (NMB) stain
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8
Q

It is used for microscopy need to be precleaned before packaging to avoid glass shards and greasy substances that accumulate on the slide during the manufacturing process.

A

Glass slides

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9
Q

[5] Types of tubes

[SRP, GB]

A
  1. Striped-red-and-gray topped tubes
  2. Red-topped tubes
  3. Purple-topped tubes
  4. Green-topped tubes
  5. Blue-topped tubes
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10
Q

collect serum; also known as serum separator tubes.

[tubes]

A

Striped-red-gray-topped tubes

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11
Q

collect serum; does not contain anticoagulant.

[tubes]

A

Red-topped tubes

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12
Q

Collect whole blood; contains ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA);

[tubes]

A

Purple-topped tubes

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13
Q

collect plasma; contains lithium heparin.

[tubes]

A

Green-topped tubes

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14
Q

contain 3.2% sodium citrate; dilutes the blood sample by 10%.

[tubes]

A

Blue-topped tubes

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15
Q

Diagnostic test panel that provides clinicians with a large amount of information about a patient’s peripheral blood parameters.

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

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16
Q

[2] Components of Peripheral Blood

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Blood cells
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17
Q

Plasma from cats and dogs.

[color]

A

Colorless

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18
Q

Plasma from horses.

[color]

A

clear and light yellow

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19
Q

Plasma from cattle.

[color]

A

Clear and colorless or pale yellow

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20
Q

Blood cells have a limited life span and are continually being produced by a process called.

A

Hematopoiesis

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21
Q

Predominant cell type in the peripheral blood.

A

Red blood cells

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22
Q

Process of erythrocyte maturation.

A

Erythropoiesis

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23
Q

They originate in the bone marrow (and other sites of hematopoiesis) where they mature until they are released into the peripheral blood.

A

Erythrocytes

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24
Q

[4] Erythrocytes

[RRMR]

A
  1. Rubriblast
  2. Rubricytes
  3. Metarubricytes
  4. Reticulocytes
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25
First identifiable immature form of an RBC. [erythrocytes]
Rubriblast
26
Cytoplasm is slightly less basophilic than a rubriblast; round nucleus but lack a nucleolus. [erythrocytes]
Rubricytes
27
Also called as nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs). [erythrocytes]
Metarubricytes
28
Combination of blue and red staining in these cells, they commonly are called polychromatophils. [erythrocytes]
Reticulocytes
29
[4] Erythrocytes morphology [AP, BS]
1. Anisocytosis 2. Polychromasia 3. Basophilic stippling 4. Siderocytes
30
The term for differences in cell size. [erythrocytes morphology]
Anisocytosis
31
The term for cells that stain with both basophilic and eosinophilic dyes.
Polychromasia
32
Dense aggregates of residual RNA remain in immature RBCs. [erythrocytes morphology]
Basophilic stippling
33
RBCs that contain basophilic inclusions consistent with iron. [erythrocytes morphology]
Siderocytes
34
Defined as a decreased number of RBCs in the peripheral blood. This causes a decrease in Hct, RBC count, and Hb.
Anemia
35
[2] Classification by bone marrow response.
1. Regenerative response 2. Non-regenerative response
36
Occurs when the bone marrow is responding to the anemia. [classification by bone marrow response]
Regenerative response
37
Seen when erythropoiesis is not occurring during anemia. [classification by bone marrow response]
Non-regenerative response
38
The loss of erythrocytes.
Hemorrhagic anemia
39
Caused by lysis of RBCs.
Hemolytic anemia
40
Occurs when antibodies and complement bind antigens on erythrocyte membranes.
IMHA
41
To RBCs occurs with several disease processes. These diseases induce intravascular hemolysis.
Physical damage
42
Occur when a patient that has received blood from a donor produces antibodies against the blood group antigens on the donor’s RBCs
Transfusion reactions
43
In dogs, there are approximately ___ blood groups named for different dog erythrocyte antigens (DEAs) on the RBCs. [transfusion reactions]
13
44
Horses have over ___ blood factors that are placed into __ blood groups (A, C, D, K, P, Q, and U). [transfusion reactions]
34, 7
45
Cattle have over ___ blood factors that are placed into ___ blood groups (A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, Z, R’, and T’). [transfusion reactions]
80, 11
46
Combines the patient’s serum with the donor’s RBCs to detect antibodies in the patient that will lyse the donor’s RBCs. [erythron]
Major crossmatch
47
Important components of the immune system.
White blood cells
48
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are subtypes of granulocytes, which are derived from myeloid cells that originate in hematopoietic organs from a common precursor cell called a?
Myeloblast
49
The process of granulocyte maturation is called?
Myelopoiesis
50
[3] Subtypes of granulocytes.
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils
51
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs. [erythrocytes morphology]
Howell - Jolly bodies
52
Denatured and precipitated Hb that are caused by oxidative damage to the RBC. [erythrocytes morphology]
Heinz bodies
53
Most common type of poikilocyte in a peripheral bood smear. [erythrocytes morphology]
Echinocytes
54
RBCs with irregular spicules. [erythrocytes morphology]
Acanthocytes
55
RBC fragments that indicate the RBCs have been sheared by intravascular fibrin or turbulent blood flow. [erythrocytes morphology]
Schistocytes
56
[2] Types of automated hematology
1. Impedance counters 2. Flow cytometers
57
Measure the electrical impedance that occurs when cells pass through detection electrodes. [automated hematology]
Impedance counters
58
Direct cells through the path of a laser beam. They detect the amount of light absorbed by the cell and the amount of light scatter that the cell creates as it passes through. [automated hematology]
Flow cytometers
59
Diameter of a mature canine RBC.
7.0 mm
60
Percentage of the blood volume that is composed of erythrocytes.
HCT
61
Animals with low WBC counts.
Leukopenic
62
Animals with high WBC counts
Leukocytosis
63
May indicate stress, physiological response, or inflammation. [leukon]
Neutrophilia
64
Increased numbers of circulating neutrophils compared to reference intervals. [leukon]
Neutrophilia
65
Glucocorticoid mediated (exogenous or endogenous). Chronically ill patients will likely develop a stress leukon. [leukon]
Stress leukon
66
Animals also may have an increased PCV, hyperglycemia, and increased numbers of RBCs with Howell–Jolly bodies. [leukon]
Physiological leukocytosis
67
This change is most common in young cats. [leukon]
Physiological leukocytosis
68
Caused by infectious or non-infectious inflammatory disorders. [leukon]
Inflammatory leukon
69
Decrease in the number of neutrophils compared to a species-specific reference interval. [leukon]
Neutropenia
70
Caused by severe inflammation or bone marrow damage. [leukon]
Neutropenia
71
Increase in the number of eosinophils compared to a species-specific reference interval. [leukon]
Eosinophilia
72
Decreased numbers of eosinophils compared to a species-specific reference interval. [leukon]
Eosinopenia
73
Increase in the number of basophils compared to a species-specific reference interval. [leukon]
Basophilia
74
Reported when there are increased numbers of monocytes compared to reference intervals. [leukon]
Monocytosis
75
Platelet production is driven by?
Thrombopoietin
76
Platelet precursors are called ?
Megakaryocytes

SPDX 311 (14 decks)

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