viral infection -lower respiratory tract 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are common symptoms of mumps?
Sore throat, fever, headache, muscle ache, tiredness, loss of appetite, drooling, trouble swallowing, swelling of parotid gland.
What is the virus family of mumps?
Paramyxoviridae.
What is the structure of the mumps virus?
Enveloped, single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus with helical nucleocapsid.
How is mumps transmitted?
Via aerosol.
What are complications of mumps in unvaccinated individuals?
Orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, meningoencephalitis, hearing loss, pancreatitis, thyroiditis, juvenile diabetes.
What prevents severe complications of mumps?
MMR vaccine (~88% effective with 2 doses).
What are symptoms of the common cold?
Watery eyes, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, dry cough, low fever, headache, postnasal drip.
What is the structure of common coronavirus?
Enveloped, linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with a helical nucleocapsid.
Which genera do human coronaviruses belong to?
Alpha (229E, NL63) and Beta (OC43, HKU1).
When does common coronavirus incidence peak?
Winter.
What severe illnesses are caused by Beta-coronaviruses?
SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2.
What are hallmark symptoms of COVID-19?
Loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (ageusia), interstitial pneumonia, ARDS.
What receptor does SARS-CoV-2 bind?
ACE2 receptor.
What are common complications of COVID-19?
ARDS, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, MIS-C, long COVID.
What is the genome of SARS-CoV-2?
Enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA.
What diagnostic methods are used for SARS-CoV-2?
Rapid antigen ELISA, RT-PCR, serology (IgM, IgG).
Who is at high risk for severe COVID-19?
Elderly, unvaccinated, individuals with chronic illnesses or immunosuppression.
What are prevention strategies for COVID-19?
Vaccines, hand hygiene, masks, social distancing, isolation after exposure.
What is the imaging finding common in COVID-19?
Ground-glass opacities, consolidation in superinfection.
What is a major factor in COVID-19 pathogenesis?
Spike protein binding ACE2, immune dysregulation, cytokine storm, syncytia formation.
What are common symptoms of croup?
Barking cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, sore throat, fever <38°C, steeple sign on imaging.
Which age group is most commonly affected by croup?
Children under 5 years old.
What virus is the most common cause of croup?
Parainfluenza virus (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3).
What is the structure of HPIV?
Enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA, helical nucleocapsid.
