Viro Lec - Part 1 Module 3 - Last part Flashcards
Activates the signaling cascade → resulting to induction of the interferon response genes in cells
Type 1 interferon (IFN)
cytokine central to both innate and adaptive immunity
Type II interferon or IFN-γ
Example of PAMPS
- Nucleic acids (viruses)
- Surface lipoprotein (viruses)
- Lipoprotein (bacteria)
- Capsule (bacteria)
Binding of PAMPs to PRRs stimulates?
transcription of numerous genes encoding proteins
class of PRRs
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
TLRs bind ssRNA, detect RNA virus infections
TLR7 & TLR8
TLRs detects dsRNA
TLR3
Specialized lymphocytes; Lack an antigen-specific receptor (but can recognize PAMPS)
Natural Killer Cells (NK cells)
Increased MHC1 means?
will indicate a not stressed cell → The NK cell will detect → NK will initiate inhibitory signal → therefore no apoptosis
Decreased MHC 1 means?
→ will indicate an infected/ stressed cell → NK will detect it → it will make the cell undergo apoptosis → the cell will die → therefore there is no replication and it will eliminate the virus
NK cells have two types of receptors
○ Activating receptors (detect stress signals).
○ Inhibiting receptors (detect normal proteins like MHC molecules).
NK cells release granules containing:
Perforin & Granzymes (A & B):
Forms pores in the target cell membrane.
Perforin
Enter through the pores to trigger cell death.
Granzymes (A & B)
mediated by antibodies secreted by terminally differentiated lymphocytes called plasma cells
Humoral immunity
driven by cell receptors expressing lymphocytes
Cell-mediated immunity
when activated by infected cell, it will produce cytokines
T- Helper Cells
will directly and cause apoptosis of infected cell
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Processes antigens from intracellular sources
Class I MHC Pathway (Cytosolic Pathway)
Processes antigens from extracellular sources
Class II MHC Pathway (Endocytic Pathway)
Cytosolic Pathway is recognized by?
CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells
Endocytic Pathway is recognized by?
CD4+ Helper T cells
Antibody found primarily in blood; first antibodies produced
IgM
Antibody principal class of Ab in blood and extracellular fluid
IgG
