Viro Lec - Part 1 Terms

Question 1

complete infective virus particle

Answer 1

Virion

Question 2

protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid core (DNA/RNA but never both)

Answer 2

Capsid

Question 3

smallest infectious agents causing disease in plants; viral diseases in plants

Answer 3

Viroids

Question 4

the capsid together with the enclosed nucleic acid

Answer 4

Nucleocapsid

Question 5

morphologic units seen on the surfaces of icosahedral virus particles

Answer 5

Capsomeres

Question 6

outer coat some viruses acquire as they penetrate or are budded from the nuclear or cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 6

Envelope

Question 7

morphologic units composed of structural units embedded in the envelope

Answer 7

Peplomers

Question 8

general term to describe situations where mixed infections result in enhanced yields of one or both viruses in the mixture

Answer 8

Complementation

Question 9

viruses that infect bacterial cells

Answer 9

Bacteriophages

Question 10

the. mechanism by which a particular base sequence in messenger RNA produces a specific amino acid sequence in a protein

Answer 10

Translation

Question 11

how specific information encoded in a nucleic acid chain is transferred to messenger RNA

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

required by certain defective closely related viruses to replicate

Answer 12

Helper virus

Question 13

functionally deficient particles in some aspect of replication and may interfere with the replication of normal viruses

Answer 13

Defective virus

Question 14

viruses that cannot reproduce from their nucleic acid and virions are non-infectious

Answer 14

Satellite viruses

Question 15

Members of certain bacterial genera also are unable to replicate outside a host cell

Answer 15

EALR
Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Legionella, and Rickettsia

Question 16

RNA reversely turns into DNA

Answer 16

Reverse transcriptase

Question 17

simples of viruses; virion is composed of viral structural proteins

Answer 17

Parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae)

Question 18

Virion comprises viral proteins and RNA

Answer 18

Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae)

Question 19

Virion more complex with envelope; mature by budding through different host cell membranes that are modifi ed by the insertion of viral proteins

Answer 19

Herpesviridae and Paramyxoviridae

Question 20

the major type of protein present on the exterior of the membrane of enveloped viruses

Answer 20

Glycoproteins

Question 21

it is of the same sense as mRNA; directly capable of translation to protein

Answer 21

Positive sense or polarity

Question 22

Type of RNA virus that the genomic nucleotide sequence is complementary to the of mRNA

Answer 22

Negative sense or polarity

Question 23

Period of time between the penetration of the virus particle into the host cell and the production of the first new virus particle

Answer 23

Eclipse period

Question 24

used as a quantitative or relative measure of the pathogenicity of the infecting virus

Answer 24

Virulence

Question 25

Routes of Virus Entry

Answer 25

● Via respiratory tract ● Via the Gastrointestinal tract ● Via the skin ● Other routes (genital tract, conjunctiva)

Question 26

protects the respiratory tract; consists of a layer of mucus produced by goblet cells

Answer 26

Mucociliary blanket

Question 27

Different defenses protecting the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 27

- Acidity of the stomach - Layer of mucus - Antimicrobial activity of digestive enzymes - Bile and pancreatic secretions - Innate and adaptive immune mechanisms

Question 28

Enteric infections by certain viruses first infect the:

Answer 28

- Epithelial cells lining the GI mucosa - Specialized M cells that overlie intestinal lymphoid aggregates (Peyer’s patches)

Question 29

Examples of viruses that cause purely enteric infection that are acid and bile resistant

Answer 29

rotaviruses and enteroviruses

Question 30

viruses that are both transmitted by and replicate in arthropod vectors

Answer 30

Arboviruses

Question 31

introduction of a virus by skin penetration that is a result of veterinary or husbandry procedures

Answer 31

Iatrogenic

Question 32

Type of viral spread that if a virus enters through the respiratory tract; Viral shedding is limited to respiratory secretions.

Answer 32

Local Spread

Question 33

When a virus spreads through the bloodstream; Viral shedding occurs from multiple mucosal surfaces

Answer 33

Viremic Spread

Question 34

have glycoproteins (hemagglutinin) necessary for binding with specifi c receptors that allows their entry to cells

Answer 34

Orthomyxoviruses

Question 35

abnormal structures that form in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a host cell during a viral infection

Answer 35

Inclusion bodies

Question 36

spherical inclusions in nerve cells that are a sign of rabies infection

Answer 36

Negri bodies

Question 37

cytokines made by lymphocytes

Answer 37

Interleukins

Question 38

key family of cytokines

Answer 38

Interferons