virology

Question 1

are viruses cellular?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

viruses depend on what for reproduction

Answer 2

host cell metabolism

Question 3

3 variations in size

Answer 3

poxvirus, parvovirus, prions

Question 4

prion

Answer 4

“virus like” protein

Question 5

what scope to use to see virus

Answer 5

electron scope

Question 6

spongiforms, infectious, neurologic type disorders

Answer 6

prions

Question 7

3 ways to classify a virus

Answer 7

shape, composition, envelope

Question 8

what is an envelope virus

Answer 8

lipid membrane that surrounds the virus

Question 9

envelope viruses are produced by

Answer 9

budding through the host cells membranes

Question 10

what fuses to hosts cell membrane allowing capsid and viral genome to enter host and cause infection

Answer 10

envelope viruses

Question 11

what viruses don’t have an envelope

Answer 11

naked envelope AKA non-envelope

Question 12

what kind of viruses are more difficult to kill

Answer 12

naked viruses

Question 13

naked viruses require

Answer 13

steam sterilization

Question 14

4 stages of replication

Answer 14

attachment, penetration/uncoating, replication & synthesis, assembly & release

Question 15

top 3 cells viruses will attach to

Answer 15

1. respiratory 2. urogenital 3. GI tract

Question 16

penetration/uncoating means

Answer 16

penetration-entry of virus genome into host cell

uncoating- virus produce enzymes that degrade host cell membrane

Question 17

what enters host cell during penetration

Answer 17

nucleic acid core

Question 18

what remains on host cell exterior during penetration

Answer 18

the capsid/ outer shell

Question 19

replication stage- immune system cant respond because

Answer 19

virus is hidden

Question 20

prodromal period

Answer 20

the time right before clinical signs

Question 21

2 methods of replication

Answer 21

lysogenic or lytic

Question 22

which method of replication occurs after the viral infection is over

Answer 22

lysogenic

Question 23

viral infections affect the host in 2 ways

Answer 23

apparent and non-apparent

Question 24

apparent

Answer 24

clinical disease: acute or chronic

Question 25

non-apparent

Answer 25

no clinical signs

Question 26

feline herpes virus

Answer 26

causes rhinotracheitis. runny nose, C+, S+, F+ anorexic, ulcers, eyes sealed shut. contagious

Question 27

which feline dz is similar to k9 parvo

Answer 27

feline distemper

Question 28

feline parvovirus

Answer 28

attacks neonatal brain- causes neurological problems, lymphatic tissue and bone marrow

Question 29

what kind of virus is FeLV

Answer 29

retrovirus

Question 30

what kind of virus is FIV

Answer 30

lentivirus

Question 31

which is a DNA virus

Answer 31

feline distemper

Question 32

canine herpesvirus may be the cause of

Answer 32

fading puppy syndrome

Question 33

which virus is the paromyxo virus

Answer 33

canine distemper

Question 34

hyperkaratosis on root pads found with this disease

Answer 34

canine distemper

Question 35

which viruses are contagious

Answer 35

feline herpesvirus, canine distemper virus, canine coronavirus

Question 36

canine adenovirus

Answer 36

cause of hepatitis (similar to parvo)

Question 37

canine rotavirus infects what system

Answer 37

GI system, secondary dz can be obtained

Question 38

how long does a virus last without refrigeration

Answer 38

3 weeks

Question 39

what to do with postmortem tissues

Answer 39

place in 10% formalin and label- dont freeze

Question 40

why cant we freeze tissues

Answer 40

alters tissues

Question 41

what disease should be checked multiple times in fear it may turn up positive

Answer 41

lyme disease

Question 42

how long for results? fluorescent antibody test

Answer 42

1 hour

Question 43

in house fluorescent antibody tests anything but

Answer 43

rabies

Question 44

what 3 things appear on the elisa snap

Answer 44

felv, parvo, hwt

Question 45

antiviral antibodies absorbed into microscopic latex beads..

Answer 45

latex agglutination test

Question 46

antigen vs antibody

Answer 46

antigen is a foreign body that could cause disease | antibody is a protein that fights off disease. immunity

Question 47

direct fluorescent antibody test

Answer 47

used to identify specific microorganisms- antigens

Question 48

indirect fluorescent antibody test

Answer 48

used to demonstrate the presence of antibodies against a antigen

Question 49

how is the FA viewed under direct FA

Answer 49

fluorescent microscope, plate reader, fluorescence-activated flow cytometer

Question 50

can be used to detect, count and separate cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies

Answer 50

flow cytometry

Question 51

the interaction of particulate antigens with antibodies leads to

Answer 51

agglutination reactions

Question 52

direct agglutination vs indirect agglutination

Answer 52

direct- test pt serum for presence of antibodies against large, cellular antigens. indirect- test pt serum for presence of antibodies against soluble antigens

Question 53

is lytic more common than lysogenic

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

lytic cycle

Answer 54

viral DNA destroys cell DNA. contains symptoms of infection. virulent viral infection occurs.

Question 55

is lytic or lysogenic faster

Answer 55

lytic

Question 56

lysogenic cycle

Answer 56

viral DNA merges with cell DNA- doesnt destroy. | no symptoms of viral infection. temperate viral replication occurs.

Question 57

which stage produces progeny phages

Answer 57

lytic

Question 58

when does lysogenic typically occur

Answer 58

when the viral infection is over, but may be permanent.

Question 59

how would a lysogenic turn into lytic cycle

Answer 59

stress, mutation, exposed to UV radiation