virtual microscope

Question 1

what tumour is the most common benign epithelial tumour found in the oral cavity? they are often pedunculatede (on a stalk) and are associated with HPV (low risk subtypes 6 and 11)

Answer 1

squamous cell papilloma

Question 2

what is this an image of?

Answer 2

squamous cell papilloma

Question 3

what is this zoomed in structure on a squamous cell papilloma ?

Answer 3

finger like (papillary) projections of hyperplastic reticulum

Question 4

what does hyperplastic mean?

Answer 4

increased number of cells within a tissue or organ

Question 5

what does the point c show on squamous cell papilloma

Answer 5

hyperkeratosis of epithelium

Question 6

what is this structure in the middle of a papillary projection of hyperplastic reticulum from a squamous cell papilloma?

Answer 6

fibrovascular tissue forming core of finger like papillary projections

Question 7

what structure on this squamous cell papilloma is labelled a

Answer 7

stalk

Question 8

what do you understand about HPV and oral disease?

Answer 8

HPV is linked to benign papilloma’s, targets mucosa -> basal cells to divide
1% of HPV goes on to become malignant

Low risk HPV associated with oral squamous cell papilloma
High risk HPV associated with oropharyngeal cancers

Question 9

what is this an image of?

Answer 9

mild dysplasia

Question 10

what is epithelial dysplasia?

Answer 10

atypical epithelial alterations limited to the surface squamous epithelium

Question 11

is epithelial dysplasia a malignant process?

Answer 11

no it is premalignant

Question 12

what does this image of mild epithelial dysplasia show?

Answer 12

junction between dysplastic (left) and normal (right) epithelium

Question 13

mild epithelial dysplasia
what is labeled?

Answer 13

hyperkeratosis of epithelium

Question 14

define hyperkeratosis of epithelium

Answer 14

lots of keratin

Question 15

mild epithelial dysplasia
what is labeled b?

Answer 15

basal cell hyperplasia

Question 16

define basal cell hyperplasia

Answer 16

increase in the number of basal cells

Question 17

mild epithelial dysplasia
describe this cell

Answer 17

mitotic figure

Question 18

define mitotic figure

Answer 18

undergoing mitosis

Question 19

mild epithelial dysplasia
what does this cell show?

Answer 19

nuclear pleomorphism

Question 20

define nuclear pleomorphism

Answer 20

variation in size and shape of nucleus

Question 21

mild epithelial dysplasia
what does this cell show?

Answer 21

prominent nucleoli

Question 22

define ulceration

Answer 22

area where the surface epithelium has been lost

Question 23

severe epithelial dysplasia
what does label c show?

Answer 23

junction between normal (below) and dysplastic (above) epithelium

Question 24

severe epithelial dysplasia
what is all this pink stuff?

Answer 24

hyperkeratosis of epithelium

Question 25

severe epithelial dysplasia describe the cell labeled

Answer 25

mitotic figure

Question 26

severe epithelial dysplasia describe the cells and nuclei in the image

Answer 26

nuclear and cellular pleomorphism

Question 27

define cellular pleomorphism

Answer 27

differing size and shape of cells

Question 28

severe epithelial dysplasia describe these cells labeled

Answer 28

nuclear hyperchromatism

Question 29

define nuclear hyperchromatism

Answer 29

DNA absorbs more eosin so chromosomes appear darker

Question 30

sever epithelial dysplasia describe the cell labeled

Answer 30

dyskeratotic cell

Question 31

define dyskeratotic cells

Answer 31

keratin in cells -> pink cells

Question 32

sever epithelial dysplasia what does this image show?

Answer 32

an ulcer

Question 33

what does this image show?

Answer 33

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 34

how does squamous cell carcinoma differ from epithelial dysplasia?

Answer 34

in squamous cell carcinoma the atypical squamous invade the adjacent normal tissue

Question 35

squamous cell carcinoma what does this image show?

Answer 35

atypical squamous epithelium invading underlying connective tissue

Question 36

squamous cell carcinoma what is labeled?

Answer 36

atypical squamous epithelium infiltrating skeletal muscle

Question 37

squamous cell carcinoma what do these darker and smaller cells represent?

Answer 37

inflammatory reaction to invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Question 38

squamous cell carcinoma what does the label show?

Answer 38

dyskeratotic cells and keratin pearl within atypical squamous epithelium

Question 39

squamous cell carcinoma is graded based on what?

Answer 39

how well differentiated it is

Question 40

what are the grades for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 40

poorly differentiated moderately differentiated well differentiated

Question 41

what does the squamous cell carcinoma grade poorly differentiated mean?

Answer 41

doesnt look like squamous epithelium worse prognosis

Question 42

what does the squamous cell carcinoma grade well differentiated mean?

Answer 42

looks like squamous epithelium better prognosis