Vision 2 Flashcards Preview

Opthalmology > Vision 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Vision 2 Deck (20)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is a cataract?

A

Opacity in the lens

2
Q

Incidence of cataracts in over 65s

A

Over 75%

3
Q

Presentation of cataracts

A

Blurred vision
Unilateral can go unnoticed but loss of stereopsis affects distance judgement
Bilateral cause gradual visual loss, dazzle and monocular Diplopia

4
Q

Presentation of cataracts in children

A

Squint, loss of binocular function, a white pupil or nystagmus/amblyopia

5
Q

Initial cataract treatment

A

Mydriatic drops and sunglasses

6
Q

Surgery risks with cataract surgery

A

2% get serious complications - vision might not be normal afterwards, might still have dazzle
Distance glasses often needed

7
Q

Post op complications for cataracts

A

Posterior capsule thickening described as “cataract returning” - easily treated with capsulotomy
Eye irritation
Can get anterior uveitis
Rarely vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, glaucoma or endopthalmitis (infection of eye fluid)

8
Q

Cataracts risk factors

A
Genetic (most children and some adult)
Diabetes 
Any steroid use
High myopia 
Dystrophia myotonica
9
Q

How soon does intervention need to be done with congenial cataract

A

Within 1st 6 weeks of life

10
Q

When is optic disc pale

A

Optic neuropathy

11
Q

When are optic disc margins blurred

A

Papilloedema (raised ICP, malignant HTN and cavernous sinus thrombosis) and optic neuritis

12
Q

What is normal arterial to venous width ratio in optic disc

A

2:3 - veins are bigger

13
Q

When do you get abnormal retinal pallor

A

Retinal artery occlusion

14
Q

Which eyes are more prone to retinal detachment

A

Myopic eyes (cataract surgery for myopic eyes also increases the risk)

15
Q

How does retinal detachment present?

A
4 F's
Floaters 
Flashes 
Field loss
Fall in acuity (curtain falling over vision - e.g. Over lower half as retina detaches upwards) 
Painless!!!
16
Q

How can you tell where in the retina the detachment is

A

Field defects reflect location of detachment

17
Q

What do you see on opthalmoscopy with retinal detachment

A

Grey opalescent retina ballooning forward

18
Q

Treatment of retinal detachment

A

Refer for urgent surgery - vitrectomy and gas tamponnade or scléral silicone implants
Cryotherapy or laser coag used to secure retina

19
Q

Rates of post/op redetachment in retinal detachment

A

5-10%

20
Q

How does retinitis pigmentosa present?

A

Night blindness is initial sign

Then progresses to tunnel vision