Vitamin C/Thiamin

Question 1

T/F

Water soluble vitamins aren’t appreciably diminished when cooking with water?

Answer 1

False,

They are substantially lost during cooking.

Question 2

How are dietary water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 2

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed when they are taken as supplements?

Answer 3

Passive diffusion

Question 4

T/F

Very little water soluble vitamins are stored

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F

Water soluble vitamins are nonessential inorganic molecules

Answer 5

False,

They are essential organic molecules

Question 6

What 3 major functions are B-complex vitamins for?

Answer 6

Energy releasing
Hematopoietic
Other

Question 7

What B-vitamins fall under the functional category of energy releasing?

Answer 7

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6

Question 8

What B-vitamins fall under the functional category of hematopoietic?

Answer 8

Folate, B12, B6, pantothenic acid

Question 9

What B-vitamins fall under the functional category of “other”

Answer 9

B6, B12, thiamin, folate, niacin.

Question 10

T/F

Vitmain C is nonessential for most animals and plants

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Why is vitmain C nonessential for most animals and plants?

Answer 11

Made from glucose and galactose

Question 12

What is the oxidized from of ascorbic acid?

Answer 12

Dehydroascorbic acid

Question 13

Who is Vitamin C essential for?

Answer 13

Humans, primates, fruit bats, guinea pigs.

Question 14

How does vitamin C act like an antioxidant?

Answer 14

Donates a H to free radicals

Regenerates vitamin E in cells

Question 15

How does vitmain C act like a coenzyme?

Answer 15

Coenzyme for iron and copper-containing enzymes involved in hydroxylation to form collagen

E.g proline -> hydroxyproline
Lysine -> hydroxylysine.

Question 16

How does vitamin C affect iron absorption?

Answer 16

Nonheme iron absorption. Ascorbic acid enhaces absorption of iron from plants and supplements

Question 17

What is the RDA for Vitamin C in men and women respectively?

Answer 17

Men = 90 mg
Women = 75 mg

Question 18

What is the RDA for vitamin C in smokers?

Answer 18

RDA + 35

Question 19

What are some sources of vitamin C?

Answer 19

Peppers
Citrus fruits & juices
Broccoli
Dark green leafy veggies

Question 20

T/F

Often times frozen F and V contain more vitamin C than fresh that has been shipped a far distance

Answer 20

True

Question 21

How much vitamin C is lost in prepared veggies that have been refrigerated for 24 hrs?

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

What are 2 commonly associated symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 22

Corkscrew hairs

Bleeding gums

Question 23

How common is vitmain C deficiency and who is it found in?

Answer 23

Rare.

May be found in people with poor diet, alcoholism or drug habits.

Question 24

What are the 4 signs of scruvy?

Answer 24

Hemorrhagic sings (poor wound healing

Hyperkaratosis of hair follicles

Hypochondriasis (psychological manifestations)

Hemtologic (from impaired collagen synthesis and decreased iron absortion)

Question 25

What is the tolerable upper intake limit for vitamin C

Answer 25

2g

Question 26

What can unabsorbed vitamin C cause?

Answer 26

Diarrhea from LI fermentation

Question 27

What two conditions is there caution for high doses for vitamin C

Answer 27

Kidney disease - increased risk of kidney stones Impaired iron metabolism - iron toxicity

Question 28

Thiamin is AKA?

Answer 28

B1. Thiamin pyrophosphate

Question 29

What are Thiamins coenzyme functions?

Answer 29

Energy production (pyruvate to acetyl CoA). - Used by dehydrogenases NADPH and pentose syntehsis - part of transketolase

Question 30

What are Thiamin's noncoenzyme (TTP) functions?

Answer 30

Nervous system | Regulates sodium channels and chloride transport in nerve transduction

Question 31

What B-vitamin is PLP (Kreb's cycle) controlled by?

Answer 31

Vitamin B6

Question 32

What B-vitamin controlls TDP and transketolate (Krebs cycle)

Answer 32

Thiamin

Question 33

What B-vitmain controlls NAD/NADP (krebs cycle)

Answer 33

Niacin

Question 34

What B-vitamin controls FAD (krebs cycle)

Answer 34

Riboflavin

Question 35

What B-vitamin controls CoA (Krebs cycle)

Answer 35

Pantothenic acid

Question 36

What is the RDA for Thiamin?

Answer 36

``` Men = 1.2 mg Women = 1.1 mg ```

Question 37

What are some sources for Thiamin?

Answer 37

Pork Whole grains Enriched flour Dried beans

Question 38

What 4 things destroy Thiamin?

Answer 38

Heat (cooking) Oxidation Light Sulfites

Question 39

Where are thiaminases found?

Answer 39

Fish and Shellfish

Question 40

What are the 3 major targets of thiamin deficiency?

Answer 40

Peripheral nerves, heart, brain

Question 41

What are some signs of early thiamin deficiency?

Answer 41

Anorexia, weight loss, malaise, tender claf muscles, leg numbness, increased pulse rate and palpitations

Question 42

What symptoms are associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (thiamin deficiency)

Answer 42

Alcoholics | Psychosis, delirium, ataxia of gait and stance

Question 43

What is wet beriberi and what are some symptoms?

Answer 43

Chronic adult deficiency Enlarged heart, rapid heart beat, periheral edema, peripheral neuropathy, tense calf muscles, high blood pressure

Question 44

What is dry beriberi and what are some symptoms?

Answer 44

Chronic geriatric deficiency Muscle weakness, extremity wasting, peripheral neuropathy

Question 45

What is acute beriberi and what are some symptoms

Answer 45

Chronic infant deficiency (2-5 months of age) Anorexia, vomiting, enlarged heart.

Question 46

Who is most at risk for thaimin deficiency in the U.S and why?

Answer 46

Elderly (impaired absorption, dietary deficiency Alcoholics (impaired absorption, dietary deficiency) Babies (dietary deficiency) Patients with malabs conditions

Question 47

What is the tolerable upper intake limit for thiamin?

Answer 47

None

Question 48

T/F Although there is no tolerable upper intake limit, thiamin toxicity is relatively common

Answer 48

False, It's rare

Question 49

What are 2 examples of risk for thiamin toxicity

Answer 49

100x RDA given by IV (headache, convulsions, anaphylactic shock) 1000x RDA by mouth (thaimin hydrochloride) suppresses respiratory center leading to death