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Biochemistry > Vitamin deficiencies: Micronutrients > Flashcards

Vitamin deficiencies: Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin C

A

Anti-oxidant
Iron absorption

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2
Q

Energy releasing B complex vitamins

A

B1, 2, 3, 5, 7

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3
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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4
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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5
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

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6
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic acid

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7
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin

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8
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic acid

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9
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cobalamin

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10
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

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11
Q

Vitamin Bp

A

Choline

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12
Q

What metabolism does B6 regulate?

A

Pyridoxine
Amino acid

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13
Q

What are the Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin D, A, K, E

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14
Q

Vitamin A

A

Retinol, B-carotenes

Vision

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15
Q

Vitamin D

A

Cholecalciferol

Bone metabolism

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16
Q

Vitamin K

A

Phylloquinones, menaquinones

Blood clotting

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17
Q

Vitamin E

A

Tocopherols

Anti-oxidants (protects lipids from being oxidized)

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18
Q

Disease for Vitamin C

A

Scurvy

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19
Q

Disease for Vitamin B1

A

Beri beri

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20
Q

Disease for Vitamin B2

A

Arabinoflavinosis

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21
Q

Disease for Vitamin B3

A

Pellagra

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22
Q

Disease for Vitamin B9 and B12

A

Macrocytic anemia

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23
Q

Disease for vitamin A

A

Xerophthalmia, night blindness

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24
Q

Disease for vitamin D

A

Rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

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25
Q

Disease for calcium deficiency

A

Osteoporosis

26
Q

Disease for iron, copper, vitamin B6 deficiencies

A

Microcytic anemia

27
Q

What process does calcium help with

A

Cell signaling

28
Q

Primary source of calcium

A

dairy

29
Q

What is iron required for

A

Hemoglobin function

30
Q

What does iron deficiency cause

A

Microcytic anemia (small RBCs)
Hypochromic anemia (RBCs not as red as normal)

31
Q

Dietary source of iron

A

Heme from meat and seafood

32
Q

Function of zinc

A

Important for transcription factors

33
Q

What does zinc deficiency cause

A

impaired immune function

34
Q

Daily intake of what mineral is required because the body doesn’t have storage?

A

zinc

35
Q

dietary source of zinc

A

Red meat, poultry

36
Q

What does vitamin B complex deficiencies primarily affect?

A

Rapidly growing epithelial cells
(skin and GI tract)
CNS is sometimes affected

37
Q

What vitamin is water soluble

A

Vitamin C
Vitamin B complex

38
Q

What are the hematopoetic B vitamins

A

B9 and B12

39
Q

B1 deficiency

A

Dry beri beri: Affects CNS

Wet beri beri: Affects cardiovascular system

Wernicke korsakoff: mostly dry beri beri, caused by chronic alcohol abuse

40
Q

B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra:
Diarrhea, dementia, glossitis

affects alcoholics

41
Q

B9 and B12 deficiencies

A

Macrocytic anemia

Pernicious anemia: caused by B12

42
Q

What is pernicious anemia

A

A type of macrocytic anemia caused by B12 deficiency due to inadequate absorption

43
Q

What is macrocytic anemia

A

Macrocytic cells: Larger than normal RBC

44
Q

complications of scurvy result from deficiency in what process?

A

synthesis of collagen

45
Q

Vitamin C facilitates

A

Intestinal absorption of iron
It’s an anti-oxidant

46
Q

What does a deficiency in synthesis of collagen cause

A

Problems with wound healing, blood under the skin, infections, teeth falling out

47
Q

what is xerophthalamia

A

Blindness from inadequate tear production

48
Q

What vitamin causes xerophthalamia

A

Vitamin A deficiency

49
Q

adults have a 1-2 year reserve of

A

retinoids (vitamin A)

50
Q

Symptoms of rickets, and what vitamin causes it

A

Vitamin D

Bowed legs, beaded ribs

51
Q

Why are elderly susceptible to vitamin D deficiencies?

A

Capacity to make vitamin D declines with age

older adults drink less milk

Less exposure to sun, stay indoors

52
Q

What primary problem causes vitamin E deficiency

A

Fat malabsorption

53
Q

Why does fat malabsorption cause vitamin E deficiency?

A

It’s fat soluble so it sticks with fat and absorbs into intestine

54
Q

Disease for vitamin E

A

Hemolytic anemia

Normal RBCs break open in spleen or circulation

Prolonged deficiency: neuromuscular dysfunction

55
Q

what vitamins are given after birth to babies

A

E and K

56
Q

Disease of vitamin K

A

Hemorrhaging

57
Q

Secondary deficiencies of Vitamin K

A

fat malabsoprtion
Intestinal flora is compromised because of antibiotic treatment

58
Q

What population is susceptible to fat soluble vitamins?

A

Patients with cystic fibrosis
- Pancreas don’t release enough pancreatic lipase, causes fat malabsorption

Vitamins D, A, K, E

59
Q

Consumption of galactose can cause

A

Rickets

60
Q

Linoleic acid is

A

Fatty acid

61
Q
A

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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