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Psychology > Vocab 1-50 > Flashcards

Vocab 1-50 Flashcards

1
Q

What word means the scientific study of behavior and mental processes?

A

Psychology

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2
Q

What does psyche mean?

A

mind

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3
Q

What does logos mean?

A

study of

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4
Q

What is the opposite of Free Will?

A

Determinism

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5
Q

What is the opposite of Determinism?

A

Free Will

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6
Q

What word means genetically inherited traits?

A

Nature

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7
Q

What word means anything in the environment that influences behavior?

A

Nurture

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8
Q

Name the experiment which demonstrated the effect of teacher expectations on student achievement

A

The Pygmalion Experiment

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9
Q

Name the two individuals who conducted the Pygmalion experiment

A

Robert Rosenthal
Lenore Jacobsen

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10
Q

Name ONE of the four ways teachers with high expectations act towards their students

A

Nicer climate
More teaching
More opportunities to respond
More feedback

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11
Q

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true

A

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

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12
Q

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories

A

Confirmation Bias

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13
Q

What does DSM stand for?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

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14
Q

What year was homosexuality removed from the DSM?

A

1973

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15
Q

Who was the main author of the book titled “Sexual Behavior in the Human Male”?

A

Alfred Kinsey

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16
Q

Name the early advocate for LGBTQ rights who helped remove homosexuality from the DSM

A

Evelyn Hooker

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17
Q

Discredited treatment method that attempted to change a person’s sexual orientation

A

Conversion Therapy

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18
Q

Drilling a hole in a person’s skull for medical purposes is called what?

A

Trephination

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19
Q

Name the two ancient Greek philosophers who created the Four Humors theory

A

Hippocrates
Galen

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20
Q

Franz Gall believed bumps on the skull correlated with personality. This psychological approach is known as what?

A

Phrenology

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21
Q

The Somatotype Theory suggests body type correlates with personality. Who advocated this belief?

A

William Sheldon

22
Q

Name the philosopher who proved the existence of the mind

A

Rene Descartes

23
Q

What does - cogito ergo sum - mean?

A

I think, therefore, I am

24
Q

Who is considered the Father of the Scientific Method?

A

John Locke

25
Q

What does TABULA RASA mean?

A

blank slate

26
Q

Kind of medical doctor who deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

A

psychiatrist

27
Q

Kind of psychologist who treats people with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

A

clinical psychologist

28
Q

Who set up the first ever psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?

A

Wilhem Wundt

29
Q

What year did Wilhem Wundt set up the first psychology laboratory?

A

1879

30
Q

Edward Titchener, a student of Wilhem Wundt, established which early approach to psychology?

A

Structuralism

31
Q

What does Gestalt mean?

A

whole pattern

32
Q

Name two Gestalt principles?

A

proximity
closure

33
Q

What is the name of the American mental health activist who lobbied Congress to create asylums?

A

Dorothea Dix

34
Q

The first ever psychology class was taught at Harvard in 1875 by whom?

A

William James

35
Q

Who wrote the first psychology textbook?

A

William James

36
Q

Which approach to psychology did William James advocate?

A

Functionalism

37
Q

Who established America’s first research laboratory?

A

G. Stanley Hall

38
Q

Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association?

A

G. Stanley Hall

39
Q

Who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

A

Mary Calkins

40
Q

Who was the first woman to earn her Ph.D. in psychology?

A

Margaret Washburn

41
Q

Who is considered the father of the Theory of Evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

42
Q

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

A

natural selection

43
Q

What is the name of the 19th century English scientist, who was the cousin of Charles Darwin and who believed in eugenics?

A

Sir Francis Galton

44
Q

The self-direction of human evolution is called what?

A

eugenics

45
Q

Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by unconscious ideas?

A

psychoanalytic

46
Q

Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by rewards and punishments?

A

behaviorism

47
Q

Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by self-directed choices?

A

humanism

48
Q

Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by how people remember and think?

A

cognitive

49
Q

Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by the nervous system?

A

biological

50
Q

Which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by ethnicity, gender, and economic groups?

A

social

Psychology (16 decks)

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