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Psychology > Vocab 651-700 > Flashcards

Vocab 651-700 Flashcards

1
Q

In order, state the 3 - Box/Information Processing Model of Memory

A

Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory

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2
Q

What are the two kinds of sensory memory?

A

Iconic and Echoic

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3
Q

Short-term memory is also called what?

A

Working Memory

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4
Q

The ability to switch your attention to important information

A

Cocktail Party Effect

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5
Q

Memory of facts

A

Declarative Memory

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6
Q

Memories of specific events in your life

A

Episodic Memory

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7
Q

Memories of words

A

Semantic Memory

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8
Q

Memories of skills

A

Procedural Memory

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9
Q

Photographic memory is also called what?

A

Eidetic Memory

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10
Q

A person’s memory of an important and emotionally powerful event

A

Flashbulb Memory

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11
Q

Process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory

A

Recognition

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12
Q

Retrieving a memory with an external cue

A

Recall

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13
Q

Recalling items at the beginning of a list

A

Primacy Effect

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14
Q

Recalling items at the end of a list

A

Recency Effect

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15
Q

What is the primary-recency effect also called?

A

Serial Position Effect

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16
Q

Old information interferes with new information

A

Proactive Interference

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17
Q

New information interferes with old information

A

Retroactive Interference

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18
Q

The inability to encode new memories is called what?

A

Anterograde Amnesia

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19
Q

The inability to recall old memories is called what?

A

Retrograde Amnesia

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20
Q

Through repeated findings, neurons can strengthen connections between each other

A

Long-Term Potentiation

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21
Q

Smallest unit of sound in a language

A

Phonemes

22
Q

Smallest unit of meaning in a language

A

Morpheme

23
Q

The grammar of a language; for example, where a verb is placed

A

Syntax

24
Q

The one-word stage of speech is also called what?

A

Holophrastic Speech

25
Q

The two-word stage of speech is also called what?

A

Telegraphic Speech

26
Q

What is the misapplication of grammar rules (such as saying, “He goed.” instead of “He went.”) called?

A

Overgeneralization
Overregularization

27
Q

Please name the researcher who came up with the concept known as a Language Acquisition Device

A

Noam Chomsky

28
Q

Please name the researcher who came up with the theory known as the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

A

Benjamin Whorf

29
Q

A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula

A

Algorithm

30
Q

A rule of thumb: a rule that is generally, but not always, true

A

Heuristic

31
Q

Name two kinds of heuristics

A

Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic

32
Q

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, or decision

A

Availability Heuristic

33
Q

A cognitive bias in which an individual categorizes a situation based on a pattern of previous experiences. It can be useful when trying to make a quick decisions by it can also lead to belief in stereotypes

A

Representativeness Heuristic

34
Q

The tendency to fall into establish patterns of thought

A

Mental Set
Rigidity

35
Q

The inability to see a new use for a familiar object

A

Functional Fixedness

36
Q

This bias occurs when we make illogical conclusions in order to confirm preexisting beliefs

A

Belief Bias

37
Q

Tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence we used to form the belief has been contradicted

A

Belief Perseverance

38
Q

The erroneous belief that if a particular event occurs more frequently than normal during the past it is less likely to happen in the future

A

Gambler’s Fallacy

39
Q

Please name two kinds of thinking

A

Convergent Thinking
Divergent Thinking

40
Q

When a test is consistent it is said to have what?

A

Reliability

41
Q

When a test measures what it is supposed to measure it is said to be what?

A

Valid

42
Q

Kind of intelligence which refers to our ability to solve problems

A

Fluid Intelligence

43
Q

Kind of intelligence which refers to our accumulated knowledge over time

A

Crystallized Intelligence

44
Q

Please name the researcher who developed the theory of multiple intelligences

A

Howard Gardener

45
Q

Please name a proponent of Emotional Intelligence

A

Daniel Goleman

46
Q

Please name two kinds of intelligence tests

A

Standford-Binet
The Weschler

47
Q

How do you calculate a person’s IQ?

A

Mental Age/Chronological Age * 100

48
Q

Please name two kinds of objective personality tests

A

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory)
MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)

49
Q

Tendency for performance on intelligence tests to increase throughout the century

A

Flynn Effect

50
Q

A typical or prominent example of a concept

A

Prototype

Psychology (16 decks)

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