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Psychology > Vocab 151-200 > Flashcards

Vocab 151-200 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of how our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by the groups we belong

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

Who conducted the leadership style experiment?

A

Kurt Lewin

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3
Q

Who conducted the conformity experiment?

A

Solomon Asch

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4
Q

Who conducted the obedience to authority experiment?

A

Stanley Milgram

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5
Q

Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment?

A

Philip Zimbardo

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6
Q

Change in behavior brought about by social pressure to comply with people perceived to be authority figures

A

Obedience

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7
Q

What was the independent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?

A

The Authority Figure

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8
Q

What was the dependent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?

A

Obedience

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9
Q

What percentage of participants in Milgram’s Obedience Experiment went all the way to 450 volts?

A

65% (26/40)

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10
Q

What did Milgram use to measure the behavior of obedience?

A

The Shock Machine

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11
Q

Kind of leadership style: Leader makes all the decisions and assigns tasks to group members

A

Authoritarian

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12
Q

Kind of leadership style: Leader is only minimally involved in group decision-making

A

Laissez-Faire

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13
Q

Kind of leadership style: Leader encourages group members to come to decisions through consensus

A

Democratic

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14
Q

According to Kurt Lewin’s Leadership Experiment, which leadership style is the best?

A

Democratic

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15
Q

In Lewin’s Leadership Style Experiment, what was the Independent Variable?

A

Leadership Style

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16
Q

In Lewin’s Leadership Style Experiment, what was the Dependent Variable?

A

Productivity

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17
Q

Acting in accord with group norms or customs

A

Conformity

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18
Q

Approximately what percentage of participants conformed at least once during Solomon Asch’s experiment?

A

70%

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19
Q

In Asch’s Conformity Experiment, what was the Independent Variable?

A

The size of the group

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20
Q

In Asch’s Conformity Experiment, what was the Dependent Variable?

A

Conformity

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21
Q

A cognitive bias that causes one’s perception of another to be unduly influenced by a single positive trait, such as being attractive

A

The Halo Effect

22
Q

A cognitive bias that causes one’s perception of another to be unduly influenced by a single negative trait

A

The Horn Effect

23
Q

An inclination to over attribute others’ behavior to internal causes and to discount situational factors

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

24
Q

Tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to situational causes but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes

A

Actor-Observer Bias

25
Q

Tendency to view one’s successes as stemming from internal factors and one’s failures as stemming from external factors

A

Self-Serving Bias

26
Q

Someone who tends to see positive events as being internal, stable, and global is said to have what kind of explanatory style?

A

Optimistic Explanatory Style

27
Q

Someone who tends to see negative events as being internal, stable, and global is said to have what kind of explanatory style?

A

Pessimistic Explanatory Style

28
Q

Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems

A

Catastrophic Thinking

29
Q

Belief that bad things happen to bad people

A

Just World Hypothesis
Just World Bias

30
Q

The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way

A

Defensive Attribution

31
Q

The tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them is called what?

A

The False Consensus Effect

32
Q

Set of assumptions about groups of people, either positive or negative, based on half-truths and non-truths

A

Stereotype

33
Q

Preconceived attitude toward a person or group that have been formed without sufficient evidence and are not easily changed

A

Prejudice

34
Q

The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their ethnic group, age, gender, or religion

A

Discrimination

35
Q

The belief that one’s ethnicity is superior to others

A

Ethnocentrism

36
Q

The legal, social, economic, and political oppression of an ethnic group

A

Racism

37
Q

A person fears doing something that could confirm a negative stereotype about an individual’s group

A

Stereotype Threat (STT)

38
Q

A person’s performance improve because of positive stereotypes about the group to which they belong

A

Stereotype Boost (SBT)

39
Q

A person’s performance improves as a result of having a negative out-group stereotype

A

Stereotype Lift

40
Q

Normal psychological stress; beneficial stress

A

Eustress

41
Q

Extreme anxiety that impairs performance; bad stress

A

Distress

42
Q

Two or more people who share common norms, ideology

A

Group

43
Q

Standards of behavior expected by group members

A

Norms

44
Q

The set of ideas or principles for which a group stands

A

Ideology

45
Q

When a group’s members identify with their group

A

In-Group

46
Q

Includes everyone who is not part of the group

A

Out-Group

47
Q

The tendency for humans to be more helpful and positive towards members of their own group

A

In-Group Bias

48
Q

People tend to see members of their own group (in-group) as more diverse than members of other groups

A

Out-Group Homogeneity

49
Q

The tendency to blame someone else for one’s own problems; often results in feelings of prejudice toward the person or group that one is blaming

A

Scapegoat Theory

50
Q

Racist conspiracy theory that argues Jewish people are financing the migration of Latinos and Muslims into Europe and America in order to bring about white genocide

A

The Great Replacement Theory

Psychology (16 decks)

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