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Psychology > Vocab 501-550 > Flashcards

Vocab 501-550 Flashcards

1
Q

Located in the left frontal lobe; controls muscles involved in producing speech; damage prevents speech production

A

Broca’s Area

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2
Q

Located in the left temporal lobe; interprets written and spoken speech; damage would affect our ability to understand language

A

Wernicke’s Area

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3
Q

Thin vertical strip located at the back of the frontal lobe; controls voluntary movements by sending signals to our muscles

A

Motor Cortex

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4
Q

Thin vertical strip located at the front of the parietal lobe; receives signals from throughout our bodies

A

Sensory Cortex

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5
Q

What are the four parts of the Limbic System?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala

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6
Q

Filters incoming external sensory information

A

Thalamus

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7
Q

The volume of a person’s thalamus correlates with what disorder?

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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8
Q

Filters incoming internal sensory information; tells us when we are thirsty

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Converts short-term memory (working memory) into long-term memory

A

Hippocampus

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10
Q

Regulates our emotions, especially fear

A

Amygdala

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11
Q

A neuron (nerve cell) that fires a neurotransmitter as a result of an action potential entering its axon terminal

A

Presynaptic Neuron

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12
Q

A neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter after it has crossed the synapse

A

Postsynaptic Neuron

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13
Q

Kind of neurotransmitter that has an inhibitory effect on other neurons; they decrease the likelihood that the neuron will fire on an action potential

A

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

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14
Q

Kind of neurotransmitter that has an excitatory effect on other neurons; they increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire on an action potential

A

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

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15
Q

Type of antidepressant medication that works by increasing the levels of serotonin within the brain

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRIs)

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16
Q

Using drugs, having sex, and eating cheeseburgers can all activate the brain’s reward pathway. What neurotransmitter fuels the reward pathway?

A

Dopamine

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17
Q

A lack of this neurotransmitter correlates with Parkinson’s Disease

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

An excess of this neurotransmitter correlates with Schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

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19
Q

A dopamine agonist (L-DOPA) would most likely be prescribed to treat what disorder?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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20
Q

A dopamine antagonist (Chlorpromazine) would most likely be prescribed to treat what disorder?

A

Schizophrenia

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21
Q

Side effect of antipsychotic drugs; causes jerky movements of your face and body

A

Tardive Dyskinesia

22
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that decreases activity in your nervous system

A

GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid)

23
Q

The most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter; too much can cause high levels of anxiety, fear, and insomnia

A

Glutamate

24
Q

Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands when a person experiences strong emotions such as fear or anger

A

Epinephrine

25
Q

Hormone that increases heart rate

A

Norepinephrine

26
Q

Neurotransmitter released in response to an injury and in allergic reaction, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries

A

Histamine

27
Q

What key development led to the evolution of the brain?

A

Opposable Thumbs

28
Q

The hindbrain is also called what?

A

The Reptilian Brain

29
Q

Name two disorders associated with the Basal Ganglia

A

Tourette’s Syndrome
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

30
Q

Links the forebrain with the hindbrain

A

Midbrain

31
Q

What are the four parts of the hindbrain

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla
Reticular Formation

32
Q

What part of the hindbrain coordinates movement?

A

Cerebellum

33
Q

What part of the hindbrain controls breathing?

A

Medulla

34
Q

What part of the hindbrain controls sleep

A

Pons

35
Q

What part of the hindbrain controls sensory signals?

A

Reticular Formation

36
Q

The neuron’s body (or any cell’s body) is called what?

A

Soma

37
Q

Small knobs at the end of an axon that release chemicals called neurotransmitters

A

Terminal Buttons

38
Q

Point at which a neurotransmitter binds with a postsynaptic neuron

A

Receptor Site

39
Q

What principle states that either the entire action potential message is sent or none of it is sent?

A

All-or-None Law

40
Q

The frequency at which a neuron generates and action potential is called what?

A

Neural Firing

41
Q

Reflexes are initiated in what part of the CNS?

A

The Spinal Cord

42
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System prepares the body for?

A

Fight or Flight

43
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System prepares the body for?

A

Rest and Digest

44
Q

Research technique where the brain is purposely damaged to see its effects on cognition and behavior

A

Lesioning

45
Q

Tendency for some neural functions to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other

A

Brain Lateralization

46
Q

Parts of the cerebral cortex that receives inputs from multiple areas

A

Association Area

47
Q

American psychologist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology for his work with split-brain research

A

Roger Sperry

48
Q

American neuropsychologist who along with Roger Sperry pioneered split-brain surgery

A

Michael Gazzaniga

49
Q

American psychologist best known for his studies of twins, particularly as part of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA)

A

Thomas Bouchard

50
Q

Bouchard’s twin studies demonstrated that IQ is heavily influenced by what?

A

Genetics

Psychology (16 decks)

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