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vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

An organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes

A

polyploidy

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2
Q

During gamete formation, the two alleles for each heritable trait separate from each other so that only one is inherited by the offspring

A

law of segregation

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3
Q

An organism with a pure genotype will pass those traits to their offspring.

A

true-breeding

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4
Q

The corresponding chromosome or gene that codes for the same traits.

A

homolog

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5
Q

A cell with only one copy of each chromosome

A

haploid

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6
Q

A mutation resulting in the removal of genetic material from a chromosome

A

deletion

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7
Q

Genotype consisting of two different alleles for a particular trait

A

heterozygous

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8
Q

An individual that can pass on a trait that they do not express

A

carrier

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9
Q

Inheritance pattern resulting in the expression of two equally dominant traits in the offspring

A

codominance

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10
Q

An offspring that has inherited a combination of traits that results in a phenotype match to that of their parents

A

parental type

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11
Q

A resulting condition of nondisjunction where an offspring inherits three copies of a chromosome rather than two.

A

trisomy

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12
Q

The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans that have the potential to be nonhomologous 50% of the time

A

sex chromosomes

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13
Q

Any body cell of a living organism that is not a sex cell

A

somatic cell

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14
Q

An offspring that shows a mix of characteristics when compared to their parents

A

recombinant

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15
Q

Homologous chromosomes exchange some genetic material during prophase of meiosis I

A

crossing over

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16
Q

A genotype consisting of the same allele

A

homozygous

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17
Q

The expression of one gene can be modified or suppressed by another gene

A

epistasis

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18
Q

A genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes.

A

aneuploidy

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19
Q

During crossing over, a gene segment may be accidentally attached in the wrong direction.

A

inversion

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20
Q

A particular version of a trait is always expressed when the allele is present

A

complete dominance

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21
Q

The process that creates egg and sperm cells

A

meiosis

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22
Q

Genes are generally not linked and separate from their homolog randomly when compared to other genes

A

independent assortment

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23
Q

The organism that results from the crossing of two different genomes

A

hybrid

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24
Q

A gene that is inherited on the X or Y chromosome

A

sex-linked

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25
A trait that is determined by many different genes
polygenic
26
During crossing over, a segment of genetic material may be incorrectly attached to the wrong chromosome
translocation
27
One of the two inherited versions of a gene
allele
28
A single gene impacts more than one trait or phenotype
pleiotropy
29
An inheritance pattern that occurs when neither allele is dominant, resulting in a blending of the traits in the offspring
incomplete dominance
30
When a chromosome receives more than one copy of the same gene or genes.
duplication
31
The exact location of a particular gene on a mapped chromosome
locus
32
A haploid cell produced through meiosis
gamete
33
A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome
diploid
34
A condition that occurs when an organism only inherits one copy of a chromosome due to nondisjunction.
monosomy
35
Chromosomes that do not determine sex
autosomes
36
pure-bred
true-breeding
37
Down's Syndrome is a result of a _____ of the 21st chromosome.
trisomy
38
A red true-breeding flower is crossed with a white flower, the offspring are all pink.
incomplete dominance
39
A person's genotype codes for brown hair, but a mutation on the MC1R gene causes inhibition of enzymes that convert red pigment to brown - resulting in the individual having red hair.
epistasis
40
Epithelial skin cells divide by mitosis and are a type of _____.
somatic cell
41
Red-Green colorblindness is _____ and mostly associated with males since they only need one copy of the affected gene to be colorblind.
sex-linked
42
Many plant and amphibian species can inherit more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
polyploidy
43
A sex cell would be n = 23
haploid
44
A and B blood types are dominant to O type but a person with AB blood type would produce both A and B antigens on their blood cells.
codominance
45
Chromosome pairs 1-22 in humans
autosomes
46
Genotypes: HH, ee, CC, AA, bb, etc
homozygous
47
A section of chromosome 4 is incorrectly attached to chromosome 9 during prophase I.
translocation
48
In humans, eye color falls on a spectrum and is controlled by several different genes.
polygenic
49
(A) or (a) in the genotype Aa
allele
50
Maternal Chromosome #7 and Paternal Chromosome #7
homologs
51
Queen Victoria's son Leopold had hemophilia, though she did not.
carrier
52
After 10 trials of breeding purple flowering plants to white flowering plants, all offspring produce purple flowers. Purple flower color is an example of _____.
complete dominance
53
The F1 generation that are all heterozygous
hybrids
54
A skin cell that is 2n = 46
diploid
55
In a karyotype, it is noted that one of the copies of chromosome 9 is much shorter than the other. This indicates a _____ mutation.
deletion
56
A sperm or an egg cell
gamete
57
Genotypes containing different alleles (Aa, Dd, etc)
heterozygous
58
One diploid cell creates 4 haploid cells.
meiosis
59
A single gene mutation can cause achondroplasia (dwarfism) which affects more than just stature.
pleiotropy
60
The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans
sex chromosomes

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