vocab unit 6a

Question 1

Segment of mRNA that is removed during RNA processing

Answer 1

intron

Question 2

The process by which a bacterial cell expresses new traits after taking up foreign DNA

Answer 2

transformation

Question 3

Organism whose DNA has been altered to include a gene or genes from a different organism.

Answer 3

recombinant

Question 4

Enzymes and proteins that bind to the promoter region of a DNA segment to regulate transcription

Answer 4

transcription factors

Question 5

An enzyme responsible for maintaining the integrity of DNA as it is unwound in preparation for replication or transcription.

Answer 5

topoisomerase

Question 6

A mutation that results in a premature stop codon on a segment of mRNA, causing a polypeptide chain to be cut short.

Answer 6

nonsense mutation

Question 7

Completed outside the nucleus, codons are matched with a corresponding amino acid in order to create a polypeptide chain.

Answer 7

translation

Question 8

A collection of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotes prior to cell division

Answer 8

chromatin

Question 9

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA at a single location

Answer 9

point mutation

Question 10

A biotechnology that allows segments of DNA to be copied many times for clinical testing.

Answer 10

polymerase chain reaction

Question 11

Common DNA segment found at the start of a gene that signals the location to begin transcription.

Answer 11

TATA box

Question 12

Enzyme responsible for matching up complementary nucleotides during DNA replication or transcription

Answer 12

polymerase

Question 13

A complex molecule that includes protein and RNA that is responsible for joining exons together during RNA processing.

Answer 13

spliceosome

Question 14

The enzyme responsible for breaking phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides in DNA or RNA

Answer 14

nuclease

Question 15

The molecule generated through transcription that will be read during translation

Answer 15

mRNA

Question 16

Small circular bits of DNA found in prokaryotes that contain specific genes and are expressed in the same manner as the prokaryote’s normal DNA.

Answer 16

plasmid

Question 17

A mutation that causes a change to the amino acid sequence

Answer 17

missense mutation

Question 18

A long chain of adenine nucleotides added to the 3’ end of an mRNA molecule

Answer 18

poly-A tail

Question 19

An enzyme that severs the DNA at specific sequence locations

Answer 19

restriction enzyme

Question 20

A technique that separates different sized DNA segments

Answer 20

gel electrophoresis

Question 21

A virus that infects and hijacks the metabolic processes of prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

bacteriophage

Question 22

The enzyme that lays down small segments of RNA on exposed DNA strands to serve as the binding point for polymerase enzymes.

Answer 22

primase

Question 23

After transcription, RNA must undergo a set of changes prior to leaving the nucleus.

Answer 23

RNA processing

Question 24

A change to the DNA sequence that does not alter the amino acid that is coded for

Answer 24

silent mutation

Question 25

The enzyme responsible for joining separated strands of DNA through dehydration synthesis by establishing new phosphodiester bonds.

Answer 25

ligase

Question 26

Segments of the mRNA molecule that will be used during translation and are spliced together prior to leaving the nucleus

Answer 26

exons

Question 27

Enzyme responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotides during replication or transcription

Answer 27

helicase

Question 28

One of many three base segments of mRNA that code for specific amino acids

Answer 28

codon

Question 29

A change in the DNA or RNA that causes a shift in all subsequent bases

Answer 29

frameshift mutation

Question 30

Process of converting a segment of a DNA strand into RNA that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes.

Answer 30

transcription